P-y method

The p-y method is a method of analyzing the ability of deep foundations to resist loads applied in the lateral direction. This method uses the finite element method and p-y graphs to find a solution. P-y graphs are graphs which relate the force applied to soil to the lateral deflection of the soil. In essence, non-linear springs are attached to the foundation in place of the soil. The springs can be represented by the following equation:

: $p\; =\; ky$where "k" is the non-linear spring stiffness defined by the p-y curve, "y" is the deflection of the spring, and "p" is the force applied to the spring.

The p-y curves vary depending on soil type.

References

* Salgado, R. (2007). "The Engineering of Foundations." McGraw-Hill, in press. [http://www.ecn.purdue.edu/~rodrigo/research/book.htm (1)]