- Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen
Ludwig Samson Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen (
June 18 ,1815 -April 26 ,1881 ) was aBavaria ngeneral .Early life
Born at
Darmstadt , on the day of Waterloo, Ludwig von der Tann was descended from the old family ofvon der Tann , which had branches inBavaria , theAlsace and theRhine provinces, and attached his mother's name (she being the daughter of an Alsatian nobleman, Freiherr von Rathsamhausen) to his father's in 1868 by licence of the king of Bavaria. Ludwig I., the second king of Bavaria, stood sponsor for the child, who received his name and in addition that of Arthur, in honour of the Duke of Wellington. He received a careful education, and in 1827 became a page at the Bavarian court, where a great future was predicted for him. Entering theartillery in 1833, he was after some years placed on the general staff. He attended the manoeuvres of theAustria n army inItaly under Radetzky and, in a spirit of adventure, joined a French military expedition operating inAlgiers against theTunisia n frontier.First War of Schleswig
On his return he became a close personal friend of the Bavarian Crown Prince Maximilian Joseph (afterwards King Maximilian). In 1848 he was promoted to major, and in that year he distinguished himself greatly as the leader of a
Schleswig-Holstein light corps in theFirst War of Schleswig between Denmark and a coalition of German states. At the close of the first campaign he was awarded theOrder of the Red Eagle by the king ofPrussia , and his own sovereign awarded him theMilitary Order of Max Joseph and promoted him to lieutenant-colonel. In 1849 he served as chief of staff to theBavaria n contingent at the front and distinguished himself at the lines ofDybbøl . He then visited Haynau's headquarters in the Hungarian War before returning to Schleswig-Holstein to serve as von Willisen's chief of staff in the Idstedt campaign.Austro-Prussian War
Then came the threat of war between Prussia and
Austria , and von der Tann was recalled to Bavaria. The crisis ended with the "surrender of Olmütz," and he saw no further active service until 1866, rising in the usual way of promotion to colonel (1851), major-general (1855), and lieutenant-general (1861). In the earlier years of this period he was the "aide-de-camp" and constant companion of the king. In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 he was chief of the staff toPrince Karl Theodor of Bavaria , who commanded the South German contingents. The almost entirely unfavorable outcome of the military operations led to vehement attacks on him in the press, but the unreadiness and ineffectiveness of the troops and the general lack of interest in the war on the part of the soldiers foredoomed the South Germans to failure in any case.Franco-German War
He continued to enjoy the favour of the king and was promoted to the rank of general of the infantry (1869), but the bitterness of his disappointment of 1866 never left him. He was grey-haired at forty-two, and his health was impaired. In 1869 von der Tann-Rathsamhausen, as he was now called, was appointed commander of the I. Bavarian Corps. This corps he commanded during the
Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, and it was in this war that he secured his reputation as one of the foremost of German soldiers. His gallantry was conspicuous at the battles of Worth and Sedan. Transferred in the autumn to an independent command on theLoire , he conducted the operations against d'Aurelle de Paladines, at first with marked success, and forced the surrender ofOrleans . He had, however, at Coulmiers to give way before a numerically larger French force; but reinforced, he fought several successful engagements under the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin near Orleans.After the end of the war he was reappointed commander-in-chief of the I. Bavarian Corps, a post which he held until his death in 1881 at
Merano . He received the Grand Cross of the Bavarian Military Order, and from the King of Prussia the first class of theIron Cross and the "Pour le Mérite". In 1878 the German emperor named von der Tann honorary colonel of a Prussian infantry regiment, gave him a life pension, and named one of the newStrassburg forts after him.Trivia
*The German WWI battlecruiser
SMS Von der Tann was named after him.Notes
References
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