Romany language standardization

There are independent groups currently working toward standardizing the Romany language, including groups in Romania, Serbia, the USA, and Sweden.

Where it is being pursued

A standardized form of Romany is used in Serbia. In Serbia's autonomous province of Vojvodina, Romany is one of the officially recognized minority languages—having its own radio stations and news broadcasts.

In Romania, the country with the largest identifiable Roma population, there is now a unified system for teaching the Romany language for all dialects spoken in the country. This is primarily a result of the work of Gheorghe Sarău, who made Romany textbooks for teaching Roma children.

Language standardization is presently also being pursued in the revival of the Romany language among various groups—in Spain, Great Britain and elsewhere—which have ceased to speak the language. In these cases, a specific dialect is not revived, but rather a standardized form derived from many dialects is developed. The Spanish politician Juan de Dios Ramírez-Heredia promotes Romanò-Kalò, a variant of Standard Romany with the extant Caló words inserted back" [http://www.unionromani.org/notis/noti2006-12-29a.htm Unión Romaní imparte el primer curso de romanò-kalò] ", 29 December 2006.] , aiming to both the Gitano tradition and communication with other Roma people.

tandardization approaches

Despite various standardization efforts, the overall trend in Romany literacy is towards regional codification, with some degree of international orientation, in the choice of some graphemes as well as vocabulary.

This international orientation allows Romany readers to appreciate texts composed in other countries. At the same time, this pluralistic approach to codification is representative of the dispersion of Roma communities, and the lack of a central governmental authority. 'Linguistic pluralism' of this kind has been embraced as a policy by the European Roma and Traveller Forum (the elected Roma representation at the Council of Europe) in a statement on its website. It has also received the support of various leading linguists investigating Romany, such as the late Milena Hübschmannová, Dieter W. Halwachs, and Yaron Matras. The RomLex online Romany dictionary acknowledges pluralism by incorporating dialect variants, albeit in a consistent and unified spelling system.

In Sarău's standardization

Gheorghe Sarău's standardized Romany, based largely on Eastern European Romany dialects is a purified, mildly prescriptive language, choosing the original Indo-Aryan words and grammatical elements chosen from various Romany dialects.

The pronunciation is most similar to that of the dialects from the first stratum. When there are more variants in the dialects, the variant that most closely resembles the oldest forms is chosen. For example, "byav" instead of "abyav", "abyau", "akana" instead of "akanak", "shunav" instead of "ashunav" or "ashunau", etc.

An effort is also made to derive new words from the vocabulary already in use, "i.e.", "xuryavno" (airplane), "vortorin" (slide rule), "palpaledikhipnasko" (retrospectively), "pashnavni" (adjective). There is an ever-changing set of borrowings from Romanian as well, including such terms as "vremea" (weather, time), "primariya" (town hall), "frishka" (cream), "sfïnto" (saint, holy). Neologisms taken from Hindi include "bijli" (bulb, electricity), "misal" (example), "chitro" (drawing, design), "lekhipen" (writing) and from English ("printisarel", "prezidento").

ee also

*Romany language
*Roma people

References

External links

* [http://www.b-info.com/tools/miva/newsview.mv?url=news/2000-07/text/jul28d.rfe A discussion about the standardization] *Faulty link - New source required
* [http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=2165 The Future of Romany]
* [http://www.coe.int/t/f/coop%E9ration_culturelle/education/enfants_roms-tsiganes/report.pdf?L=F Romany in Europe (pdf)]