- Transfer of learning
The Theory of Transfer of Learning was introduced by
Edward Thorndike andRobert S. Woodworth (1901) [ [http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/Transfer/transfer1.htm Classics in the History of Psychology - Thorndike & Woodworth (1901a) ] ] . They explored how individuals would transfer learning in one context to another context that shared similar characteristics. Their theory implied that transfer of learning depends on the learning task and the transfer task being identical, also known as 'identical elements'. There is a close relationship between transfer of learning andproblem solving , since transfer of learning generally occurs when previous knowledge is applied to solve a problem in a new situation (Ormrod, 2004).Types of transfer
Perkins and Salomon (1992) elaborate different types of transfer of learning, describing the concept and the differences between positive and negative transfer, as well as what is called "near" and "far" transfer. The following table, presenting different types of transfer, is adapted from Schunk (2004, p. 220).
Transfer of learning/training
To transfer or shift the learning/training from one task to other.When the learning/training of one task effect the learning of another task it will called transfer of learning/training.A major part of daily life depend on transfer of learning.
Types of transfer of learning
Learning of one task is not always facilitating other new learning or previous learning. Learning of one task create inhibition in the learning of new/previous task.There are three types of transfer of learning.Positive learning , Negative learning , Bilatrial learning.When learning of transfer of one task facilitate/supports the learning of other task it will called positive learning transfer of learning.e.g Mathematics help in Statistics.When learning of transfer of one task inhibate the learning of other task it will called negative transfer of learning.e.g Automatic transmission car and manual transmission car.Lefthand driving car effect righthand driving car.When the learning of one body part will effect the learning of the opposite body part it will called bilatrial learning.e.g. Right hand writing effects left hand writing.
Factors of transfer of learning
Similarity , Motivation , Previous or past experience , Similarity of stimulus , Retroactive learning , Proactive learning."
(+) from Cree and Macaulay, (2000).(++) from Ormrod (2004).
Transfer of Learning - applying the skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes that were learned in one situation to another learning situation. This increases the speed of learning.
ee also
*
Classical conditioning
*Gavriel Salomon References
* Cree, V., & Macaulay, (2000). "Transfer of learning in professional and vocational education". Routledge.
* Ormrod, J. E. (2004). "Human learning" (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson.
* Perkins, D. N., & Salomon, G. (1992). [http://learnweb.harvard.edu/alps/thinking/docs/traencyn.htm Transfer of learning] . "International Encyclopedia of Education" (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
* Schunk, D. (2004). "Learning theories: An educational perspective" (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson.
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