Letoon

Infobox World Heritage Site
WHS = Xanthos-Letoon


State Party = TUR
Type = Cultural
Criteria = ii, iii
ID = 484
Region = Europe and North America
Year = 1988
Session = 12th
Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/484The sanctuary of Leto called the Letoon, sometimes Latinized as Letoum, near Xanthos, was one of the most important religious centers of the Lycian region in Anatolia. The site is located between the towns of Kaş and Fethiye in Antalya province of Turkey, approximately four km south of Xanthos along the Xanthos River.

Archaeological finds at the site, which was never a fully-occupied settlement, but remained essentially a religious centre, date back to the late sixth century BCE, before the Greek cultural hegemony in Lycia, which began in the early fourth century. In earlier times, the site was probably already sacred to the cult of an earlier mother goddess— she is "Eni Mahanahi" in Lycia— which was superseded by the worship of Leto, joined by her twin offspring. [ [http://www.lycianturkey.com/lycian_sites/letoon.htm Lycian Turkey] .] In Greek mythology, a claim for an early cult of Apollo in the valley of the Xanthus, unsupported by history or archaeology, was provided by two myths, each connected to an eponymous "Lydus". One sprang from the autochthonous Telchines of Rhodes and would have colonized the region at the time of Deucalion's flood; the other Lycus was an Athenian brother of Aegeus driven from Athens, a seer who introduced the cult of Lycaean Apollo, which a folk etymology connected with Lycia and therefore made him its Athenian colonizer: [Pierre Grimal, "The Dictionary of Classical Mythology": "Lycus".] see Lycus.

The foundations of the Hellenistic temple dedicated to Leto, and her children, Artemis and Apollo, have been excavated under the direction of H. Metzger from 1962. [H. Metzger, "Fouilles du Létôon de Xanthe (1962-65)" "Revue archéologique" (1966).] . Archæologists have excavated much of the ruins; discoveries include the Letoon trilingual, bearing inscriptions in Greek, Lycian and Aramaic, which has provided crucial keys in the deciphering of the Lycian language; it is conserved in the Fethiye Museum.

The site remained active through the Roman period. The site was Christianised by the construction of an early church, which reused cut stone from the sanctuary, but was abandoned from the seventh century CE.

Notes

External links

* [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/484 UNESCO: Xanthos-Letoon]
* [http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/leto/letoprgb.htm Xanthos-Letoon restoration project]