Trimeresurus gramineus

Trimeresurus gramineus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Subfamily:	Crotalinae
Genus:	Trimeresurus
Species:	T. gramineus
Binomial name
Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw, 1802)
Synonyms
Coluber Gramineus - Shaw, 1802 Coluber viridis - Bechstein, 1802 Vipera viridis - Daudin, 1803 Trimeresurus viridis - Lacépède, 1804 [Cophias] viridis - Merrem, 1820 Trigonoceph[alus]. viridis - Schinz, 1822 Bothrops viridis - Wagler, 1830 Trigonoc[ephalus]. viridis - Schlegel, 1837 Trimesurus viridis - Gray, 1842 [Bothrophis] viridis - Fitzinger, 1843 Trigonocephalus gramineus - Cantor, 1847 Trigonocephalus (Cophias) viridis - Jerdon, 1854 B[othrops]. viridis var. fario - Jan, 1863 B[othrops]. viridis var. Genei - Jan, 1863 Trimeresurus gramineus - Günther, 1864 Crotalus Trimeresurus gramineus - Higgins, 1873 Lachesis gramineus - Boulenger, 1896 Trimeresurus gramineus gramineus - Stejneger, 1927 Trimeresurus occidentalis - Pope & Pope, 1933 Trimeresurus gramineus - Taub, 1964 Trimeresurus gramineus - Golay et al., 1993[1]

Common names: bamboo viper,^[2][3] Indian tree viper,^[4] more.

Trimeresurus gramineus is a venomous pitviper species found only in southern India. No subspecies are currently recognized.^[5]

Description

T. gramineus, Katraj Snake Park, Pune.

Rostral scale as deep as broad or broader than deep; upper head-scales small, smooth, imbricate; supraocular scale narrow, rarely broken up; internasals in contact or separated by one or two scales; 8 to 13 scales on a line between the supraoculars; usually one or two, rarely three, series of scales between the suboculars and the labials ; 9 to 12 upper labials, second usually forming the anterior border of the loreal pit, third largest; temporal scales smooth. Scales more or less distinctly keeled, in 21 (rarely 19 or 23) rows. Ventrals 145-175; anal scale entire; subcaudals 53-76. Upper parts usually bright green, rarely yellowish, greyish, or purplish brown, with or without black, brown, or reddish spots ; usually a light, white, yellow, or red streak along the outer row of scales ; end of tail frequently yellow or red; lower parts green, yellow, or whitish.^[6]

Grows to a length of 2.5 feet (0.76 m); tail 6-5 inches.^[6]

Common names

Bamboo pit viper,^[2][3] Indian tree viper,^[4] bamboo snake, Indian green tree viper, green tree viper,^[7] bamboo viper,^[8] bamboo pitviper.^[9]

Geographic range

The range of this species has been restricted to southern India. According to Russell (1796), the type locality is "Vizagapatam, India."^[1]

See also

• List of crotaline species and subspecies
• Trimeresurus by common name
• Trimeresurus by taxonomic synonyms
• Crotalinae by common name
• Crotalinae by taxonomic synonyms
• Snakebite

References

1. ^ ^{a b} McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
2. ^ ^{a b} Khaire, N. 2006. A Guide to the Snakes of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. Indian Herpetological Society, Pune, India. Photographic guide with 61 spp.
3. ^ ^{a b} Smith MA. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma (including the whole of the Indo-Chinese sub-region) Vol III - Serpentes. (1943). Taylor & Francis. London. 166 figures.
4. ^ ^{a b} Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
5. ^ "Trimeresurus gramineus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=634915. Retrieved 27 September 2006. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Boulenger GA. 1890. Fauna of British India: Reptilia and Batrachia.
7. ^ U.S. Navy. 1991. Poisonous Snakes of the World. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X.
8. ^ Parker HW, Grandison AGC. 1977. Snakes -- a natural history. Second Edition. British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. 108 pp. 16 plates. LCCCN 76-54625. ISBN 0-8014-1095-9 (cloth), ISBN 0-8014-9164-9 (paper).
9. ^ Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S. 2004. Asian Pitvipers. GeitjeBooks Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. ISBN 3-937975-00-4.

Further reading

• Cantor, T. E. 1839 Spicilegium serpentium indicorum [parts 1 and 2]. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 7: 31-34, 49-55.
• Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004 Asian Pit Vipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
• Shaw, G. 1802 General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History. Vol.3, part 1 + 2. G. Kearsley, Thomas Davison, London: 313-615
• Stejneger, Leonhard 1927 The green pit viper, Trimeresurus gramineus, in China Proceedings of the United States National Museum 72 (19): 1-10

External links

• Trimeresurus gramineus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 6 December 2007.