Dereliction of duty

For other uses, see Dereliction of duty (disambiguation).

Dereliction of duty is a specific offense under United States Code Title 10,892. Article 92 and applies to all branches of the US military. A service member who is derelict has willfully refused to perform his duties (or follow a given order) or has incapacitated himself in such a way that he cannot perform his duties. Incapacitation includes falling asleep while on-duty; getting drunk and being unable to perform his duties; or vacating his post contrary to regulations. Article 92 also applies to service members whose acts or omissions rise result in criminally negligent behavior. The first such case occurred during World War II, when Army Air Force Lieutenants William Sincock and Theodore Balides were court-martialed for dereliction of duty when they mistakenly dropped bombs on Zürich, a city of Switzerland, which was a neutral country during that war. Both men were later acquitted.^[1]

Details

In the U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), dereliction of duty is addressed within the regulations governing the failure to obey an order or regulation.^[2]

§ 892. Art. 92. Failure to obey order or regulation
Any person subject to this chapter who—
...
(3) is derelict in the performance of his duties;
shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.

Punishment can include sanctions up to and including the death penalty (in times of war). Outside of wartime, the maximum punishment allowed is a Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year (10 years for service members receiving special pay under 37 USC 310^[3]).^[4]

Proving Dereliction

In order to prosecute a service member under Article 92, the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the service member knew (or should have reasonably known) his duties and that he was either, through neglect or culpable inefficiency (i.e., being inefficient without just cause), derelict in the performance of those duties.^[5]

A duty is imposed in any one of the following ways^[5]:

• via a treaty,
• statute,
• regulation,
• lawful order,
• standard operating procedure, or
• custom of the service

That the service member possessed actual knowledge of his duties may be proved via^[5]:

• regulations,
• training / operating manuals,
• academic literature,
• testimony of service members who held similar positions,
• customs of the service

Sentinel / Lookout

UCMJ Article 113 ("Misbehavior of sentinel") includes components of behavior^[6] that are, in themselves, examples of dereliction of duty^[4]:

1. Drunk while on post
2. Sleeping while on post
3. Leaving one's post without being properly relieved

Examples: Non-Judicial Punishment

Failure to Follow Instructions and Directives

Both a Staff Sergeant and an Airman First Class stationed at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base had their pay reduced by $300 and $200 pay per month, respectively, for two months, when their actions resulted in a delayed launch and subsequent aircraft shutdown. They were found guilty of failing to follow Air Force Instruction 21-101, Air Force Policy Directive 31-3, and Technical Order 00-20-1. They were also given 14 days extra duty and had a reprimand inserted into their files.^[7]

Misuse of Government Property

An Airman First Class stationed at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base was reduced to Airman when she received non-judicial punishment for dereliction of duty. She was found to have charged over $700 on her Travel Card for personal uses.^[7]

Example: Court-Martial

United States v. Allen Lawson 33 M.J. 946

In 1989, Marine Lance Corporal Jason Rother died on a desert exercise at 29 Palms, California. Lieutenant Allen Lawson was charged and convicted of dereliction of duty for disobeying orders (to submit a roster of posted marines and locations to his superior officer, Captain Edwards) and for failing to post two subordinates as a pair (as ordered by the battalion commander, Lt. Colonel Robeson).^[8]

References

1. ^ Helmreich, Jonathan (Summer 2000). "The Diplomacy of Apology: U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II". Aerospace Power Journal. Air University. http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/sum00/helmreich.html. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
2. ^ "United States Code: Title 10,892. Art. 92. Failure to obey order or regulation". Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School. 2010-02-01. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000892----000-.html. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
3. ^ "37 USC 310 - Sec. 310. Special pay: duty subject to hostile fire or imminent danger". vLex. http://vlex.com/vid/subject-hostile-fire-imminent-danger-19231173. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "UCMJ - Article 113—Misbehavior of sentinel or lookout". About.com US Military. http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/mcm/bl113.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
5. ^ ^{a b c} Turner, Lisa (2000-09-06). "The Articles of War and the UCMJ". Vortices. Aerospace Power Journal. http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj00/fal00/turner.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
6. ^ "United States Code: Title 10,913. Art. 113. Misbehavior of sentinel". Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School. 2010-02-01. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode10/usc_sec_10_00000913----000-.html. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
7. ^ ^{a b} 4th Fighter Wing legal office (2007-04-11). "15 SJ Airmen punished for UCMJ infractions". The Official Website of Seymour Johnson Air Force Base. United States Air Force. http://www.seymourjohnson.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123048357. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
8. ^ Filbert, Brent; Kaufman, Alan (1998). "Military Crimes". Naval law: justice and procedure in the sea services. Naval Institute Press. pp. 102–105. ISBN 978-1557504623. http://books.google.com/books?id=q7kUyJ01NR0C. Retrieved 2010-12-09.