Eastern Rumelia

Infobox Former Subdivision
native_name = Източна Румелия
conventional_long_name = Eastern Rumelia
common_name = Eastern Rumelia
status = Autonomous province
nation = the Ottoman Empire
status_text = Autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire
(Under Bulgarian control from 1885)
event_start = Treaty of Berlin
year_start = 1878
date_start = July 13
event_end = Incorporated into Bulgaria
year_end = 1908
date_end = October 5
event1 = Annexation to Bulgaria
date_event1 = September 18, 1885
event2 = Restored to Ottoman sovereignty
date_event2 = April 17, 1886
p1 = Ottoman Empire
flag_p1 = Ottoman Flag.svg
s1 = Kingdom of Bulgaria
flag_s1 = Flag of Bulgaria (1878-1944).svg






image_map_caption = Eastern Rumelia compared to the Bulgarian borders per the preliminary treaty of San Stefano.
capital = Plovdiv

Eastern Rumelia or Eastern Roumelia ( _bg. Източна Румелия, "Iztochna Rumeliya"; Ottoman Turkish: "Rumeli-i Şarkî"; Modern Turkish: "Doğu Rumeli", _el. Ανατολική Ρωμυλία, "Anatoliki Romylia") was an autonomous province (vilayet) in the Ottoman Empire from 1878 to 1908, however it was under Bulgarian control from 1885. The capital was Plovdiv (Filibe). Today, Bulgaria's share of Rumelia, i.e. Southern Bulgaria bar the southwestern regions. has a population of more than 2.5 million.

History

Eastern Rumelia was created as an autonomous province within the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. It encompassed the territory between the Balkan Mountains, the Rhodope Mountains and Strandzha, a region known to all its inhabitantsmdashBulgarians, Greeks and Ottoman Turksmdashas Northern Thrace. The artificial name, Eastern Rumelia, was given to the province on the insistence of the British delegates to the Congress of Berlin: the Ottoman notion of "Rumelia" refers to all European regions of the empire, i.e. those that were in Antiquity under the Roman Empire. Some twenty Pomak (Bulgarian Muslim) villages in the Rhodope Mountains refused to recognize Eastern Rumelian authority and formed the so-called "Republic of Tamrash".

According to the Treaty of Berlin, Eastern Rumelia was to remain under the political and military jurisdiction of the Ottoman Empire with significant administrative autonomy (Article 13). The head of the province was a Christian Governor-General appointed by the Sublime Porte with the approval of the Great Powers.

The predominantly Bulgarian character of Eastern Rumelia is well evidenced by the outcome of the first Regional Assembly elections of 17 October 1879. Of the 36 elected deputies, 31 were Bulgarians (86.1%), 3 were Greeks (8.3%) and 2 were Turks (5.6%). [Делев, "Княжество България и Източна Румелия", "История и цивилизация за 11. клас".]

The province is remembered today by philatelists for having issued postage stamps from 1880 on. See the main article, Postage stamps and postal history of Eastern Rumelia.

Governors-General

The first Governor-General was the Bulgarian prince Alexander Bogoridi (1879–1884) who was acceptable to both Bulgarians and Greeks in the province. The second Governor-General was Gavril Krastevich (1884–1885), a famous Bulgarian historian. Before the first Governor-General, Arkady Stolypin was the Russian Civil Administrator from 9 October 1878 to 18 May 1879.

During the period of Bulgarian annexation Georgi Stranski was appointed as a "Commissioner for South Bugaria" (9 September 1885 - 5 April 1886), and when the province was restored to nominal Ottoman sovereignty, but still under Bulgarian control, the Prince of Bulgaria was recognized by the Sublime Porte as the Governor-General.

*Alexander Bogoridi "Aleko Pasha" (18 May 1879 - 26 April 1884)
*Gavril Krastevich "Gavril Pasha" (26 April 1884 - 18 September 1885)
*The Prince of Bulgaria (17 April 1886 - 5 October 1908)
**Alexander of Bulgaria (17 April 1886 - 7 September 1886)
**Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (7 July 1886 - 5 October 1908)

Unification with Bulgaria

After a bloodless revolution on 6 September 1885, the province was annexed by the tributary Principality of Bulgaria. After the Bulgarian victory in the subsequent Serbo-Bulgarian War, the "status quo" was recognized by the Porte with the Tophane Act of 24 March 1886. With the Tophane Act, Sultan Abdülhamid II appointed the Prince of Bulgaria (without mentioning the name of the incumbent prince Alexander of Bulgaria) as Governor-General of Eastern Rumelia. The Pomak Republic was reincorporated in the Ottoman Empire. The province was nominally under Ottoman rule until Bulgaria became "de jure" independent in 1908. 6 September, Unification Day, is a national holiday in Bulgaria.

The Greek population of the region was largely exchanged in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars and World War II. Several thousand Bulgarians of Greek descent still inhabit the region, as do the Sarakatsani transhumant shepherds.

References

* cite book
title = История и цивилизация за 11. клас
last = Делев
first = Петър
coauthors = Валери Кацунов, Пламен Митев, Евгения Калинова, Искра Баева, Боян Добрев
year = 2006
language = Bulgarian
publisher = Труд, Сирма

External links

* [http://terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro/kepek/netre/70.gifMap] , [http://terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro/kepek/netre/95.gifmap] , [http://terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro/kepek/netre/102.gifmap]