Ephraim Kishon

Infobox Actor
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name = Ephraim Kishon


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birthdate = birth date|1924|08|23|df=yes
location = Flagicon|HUN Budapest, Hungary
deathdate = death date and age |2005|01|29|1924|08|23|df=yes
deathplace = Appenzell, Switzerland
height =
birthname = Ferenc Hoffmann
academyawards = Nominated: Best Foreign Language Film 1964 "Sallah Shabati"Nominated: Best Foreign Language Film 1972" The Policeman"
goldenglobeawards = Won: Best Foreign Film 1972 "The Policeman" Nominated: Best Foreign Film 1970 "Blaumilch Canal"
baftaawards =
spouse = Eva Klamer (1946-1958) (divorced) 1 child Sara Lipovitz (1959–2002) 2 children Lisa Witasek (2003-2005) Audio|He-Efraim_Kishon.ogg|Ephraim Kishon ( _he. אפרים קישון, August 23, 1924 – January 29, 2005) was an Israeli writer, satirist, dramatist, screenwriter, and film director.

Biography

Born into a middle-class Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary, as Ferenc Hoffmann (Hungarian Hoffmann Ferenc), Kishon studied sculpture and painting, and then began publishing humorous essays and writing for the stage.

During World War II the Nazis imprisoned him in several concentration camps. At one camp his chess talent helped him survive as the camp commandant was looking for an opponent. In another camp the Germans lined up the inmates shooting every tenth person, passing him by. He later wrote in his book "The Scapegoat", "They made a mistake—they left one satirist alive." He managed to escape while being transported to the Sobibor death camp in Poland, and hid the remainder of the war disguised as "Stanko Andras", a Slovakian laborer.

After 1945 he changed his surname from Hoffmann to Kishont to disguise his Jewish heritage and returned to Hungary to study art and publish humorous plays. He immigrated to Israel in 1949 to escape the Communist regime, and an immigration officer gave him the name Ephraim Kishon.

His first marriage, in 1946 to Eva (Chawa) Klamer, ended in divorce. In 1959, he married his second wife Sara ("née" Lipovitz), who died in 2002. In 2003, he married the Austrian writer Lisa Witasek. He had three children: Raphael (b. 1957), Amir (b. 1963), and Renana (b. 1968).

Literary career

Acquiring a mastery of Hebrew with remarkable speed, Kishon started a regular satirical column in the easy-Hebrew daily, "Omer", after two years in the country. From 1952, he wrote the column "Had Gadya" in the daily "Ma'ariv". Devoted largely to political and social satire but including essays of pure humour, it became one of the most popular columns in the country. His extraordinary inventiveness, both in the use of language and the creation of character, was applied also to the writing of innumerable sketches for theatrical revues.

Collections of his humorous writings have appeared in Hebrew and in translation. Among the English translations are "Look Back Mrs. Lot" (1960), "Noah's Ark, Tourist Class" (1962), "The Seasick Whale" (1965), and two books on the Six-Day War and its aftermath, "So Sorry We Won" (1967), and "Woe to the Victors" (1969). Two collections of his plays have also appeared in Hebrew: "Shemo Holekh Lefanav" (1953) and "Ma´arkhonim" (1959).

His works have been translated into 37 languages, the majority of which were sold in Germany. Kishon rejected the idea of universal guilt for the Holocaust and had many friends in Germany. Kishon said “It gives me great satisfaction to see the grandchildren of my executioners queuing up to buy my books.” [ [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article509248.ece Times obituary] ] Friedrich Torberg was his congenial translator to German, until he died in 1979; thereafter Kishon himself wrote in German. Ultimately, he wrote over 50 books.

Chess

Kishon was a life-long chess enthusiast, and took an early interest in chess-playing computers.In 1990, German chess computer manufacturer Hegener & Glaser together with Fidelity produced the "Kishon Chesster", a chess computer distinguished by the spoken comments it would make during a game. Kishon wrote the comments to be humorous, but were also carefully chosen to be relevant to chess and the position in the game.

Residence in Switzerland

In 1981, Kishon established a second home in the rural Swiss canton of Appenzell. He had come to feel somewhat estranged and unappreciated in Israel, believing that some native-born Israelis were against him because he was a Hungarian immigrant and that the literary establishment looked down on his best-selling "middle-brow" works. Kishon became increasingly conservative and continued to strongly support Zionism, and also publicly supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Awards

Kishon won numerous awards over the years, including the Israeli Nordau Prize for Literature (1953), the Israeli Sokolov Prize for Journalism (1958) and the Israeli Kinor David Prize (1964). In March 2002, Kishon received the Israel Prize for Lifetime Achievement, the nation's highest cultural award. He commented "I've won the Israel Prize, even though I'm pro-Israel. It's almost like a state pardon. They usually give it to one of those liberals who love the Palestinians and hate the settlers."

He also won two Academy Award nominations for best foreign language film and three Golden Globe Award nominations.

Plays

* "His reputation precedes him" (1953)
* "Ha-Ketubbah" (1953)
* "Take the plug out" (1968)
* "Oh, oh, Juliet" (1972)
* "Salah Shabati" the musical. (1988)

His sketches and plays have been performed, in translation, on the stages and television networks of several countries.

Films

Kishon wrote, directed and produced several feature films, including:
* "Sallah Shabati" (1964)
* "Ervinka" (1967)
* "Blaumilch Canal", also known as "The Big Dig" (1969)
* "Ha-Shoter Azoulay", also known as The Policeman (1971)
* "The Fox in the Chicken Coop" (1978)

Death

Kishon died in Switzerland at age 80, apparently of a heart attack. His body was returned to Israel and buried in the artists' cemetery in Tel Aviv.

References

External links

* [http://www.ephraimkishon.de/en/Kishon.htm Ephraim Kishon - Biography, Satires, Obituaries, Photos, Prizes]
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1466071,00.html TimesOnline obituary]
* [http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=2175 Ephraim Kishon (Chessbase.com news)] —biography and involvement with chess computers