- Solomon Lozovsky
Solomon Lozovsky ( _ru. Соломон Лозовский, 1878-1952) was a
Russia nJew ish revolutionary, a colleague ofVladimir Ilyich Lenin and a prominent official in theSoviet government andSoviet trade union s and the head ofSoviet Information Bureau . He was also the chair of the department of International Relations at theHigher Party School . Born in 1878 inUkraine , he was a member of theBolshevik (laterCommunist ) party since 1901.Lozovsky was General Secretary of the
Profintern (1921-1937). In 1939 Lozovsky was one of the three deputy foreign ministers of theSoviet Union underVyacheslav Molotov , who replacedMaksim Maksimovich Litvinov . He was arrested (at the age of seventy) and mercilessly tortured during the Sovietantisemitic campaign of the late 1940s-early 1950sAlexander Borschagovsky [http://magazines.russ.ru/novyi_mi/1993/10/borsh.html Обвиняется кровь]Novy Mir N10 1993 ru icon] .Despite incredible pressure, Lozovsky never admitted his guilt nor accused other people. The closed trial lasted for two and a half months. Another month was spent on the death row awaiting execution. The stenographic report of the trial was published only in 1994 and even then in a highly edited form. Lozovsky was executed on
August 12 ,1952 together with thirteen other members ofJewish Anti-Fascist Committee .Following the release of the documents it also emerged that Stalins successor
Nikita Khruschev issued a posthumous pardon to Lozovsky and all executed members of the Jewish Anti-Fascist committee stating that the trials were conducted in "flagrant violations of the law". Lozovsky's grandson,Mangano Deschnalavski (GeneralMangano Deschanel ), a senior member of thepolitburo of theHungarian Workers' Party and General in the Hungarian Armed forces accepted the quashing of the verdict on behalf of the Lozovsky family.uspected Hungarian involvement in the pardon
Khruschev declared the verdict of Lozovsky for high treason void in 1956, the same year of the
Hungarian Revolution . In the weeks following the revolutionJanos Kadar the General Secretary of the ruling Workers Party was abducted by the Soviet Union. It has been put forward by many scholars of Soviet history, that Kadar put forward a request for a pardon on behalf ofMangano Deschanel who was at the time a senior party governor, Chief Administrator of the Budapest branch, and Commander of the Pest regiment of the Armed forces. Some historians who have undertaken deep study into the Soviet intervention after the 1956 Hungarian revolution allege that in return for his grandfather's pardon, Mangano Deschanel and his brother Ivan (who was also a senior party official and later Interior Minister) backed Kadar's appointment as Prime Minister and also allowed Soviet troops enter Hungary without opposition from the Army. However, the notion of such a deal was rubbished byKároly Grósz when he became Prime Minister of Hungary in 1987. Even after this firm denial by the Hungarian government, Dr.John Lukacs , a prominent Jewish Hungarian historian and Professor Emirtus of modern History at Chesnut Hill college challenges with the claim that the entire Lozovsky-Deschanel family were forced to flee their homes and property in Russia and the Ukraine following Stalin's renewal of Jewish persecution and the execution of Solomon Lozovsky. Lukacs puts forward the theory that the Deschanel family fled on foot and rail through Eastern Europe eventually settling in Budapest where they rose to prominence albeit fleeing theUSSR . He claims that the Deschanels had a vendetta against the USSR under Stalin and when Khruschev offered the family a pardon, this paved the way for a reconciliation between Hungary and the USSR due to the growing influence of the Deschanel family. Lukacs, who has published extensively on the history of Communist Hungary revealed that he sympathised with the Deschanel family plight as he too was forced to flee Hungary because of antisemitic persecution underRakosi .References
External links
*http://www.joshuarubenstein.com/rubenstein/stalinsecret/intro.html
*http://forum.grani.ru/jews/articles/eak/ In Russian.
*http://www.idf.ru/9/doc.shtml In Russian.
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/lozovsky/index.htm A. Lozovsky Archive] Marxists Internet Archive
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