Southwest Airlines Flight 1248

Infobox Airliner accident|name=Southwest Airlines Flight 1248


caption = Southwest Airlines Flight 1248, at an intersection just outside Midway International Airport
Date=December 8 2005
Type=Runway overrun in snowstorm
Site=Chicago Midway International Airport,
Chicago, Illinois
Fatalities=1 (ground fatality)
Injuries=10
Aircraft Type=Boeing 737-7H4
Operator=Southwest Airlines
Tail Number=airreg|N|471WN|disaster
Origin=Baltimore/Washington International Airport
First Stopover=Chicago/Midway International Airport
Second Stopover=Salt Lake City International Airport
Destination=Las Vegas McCarran International Airport
Passengers=98
Crew=5
Survivors = 103 (all)

Southwest Airlines Flight 1248 (WN1248, SWA1248) was a scheduled passenger flight from Baltimore-Washington International Airport to Chicago Midway International Airport. On December 8 2005, the airplane slid off the runway while landing in a snowstorm and crashed into automobile traffic, killing Joshua Woods, a 6-year old boy in a car.

Narrative

[
thumb|left|100px|ILS_Runway_31C_chart_cite web
title = Chicago Midway Runway 31C ILS/DME Approach Chart
journal = Instrument Approach Procedures, Illinois & Wisconsin
date = 2005-11-24
url = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

accessdate = 2005-12-16
format = JPEG
publisher = Aeronautical Charting Office, Federal Aviation Administration] ]

On Thursday, December 8 2005, Southwest Airlines Flight 1248 was scheduled to arrive at Chicago Midway International Airport from Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, and then continue on to Salt Lake City International Airport, then to Las Vegas McCarran International Airport. The flight circled over a small area in northwest Indiana several times before attempting to land in a snowstorm. The snowstorm had reduced visibility from 1/2 to 1/4 mile visibility. cite web
title = Southwest Airlines CEO Discusses Chicago Midway Incident
publisher = Southwest Airlines
date = 2005-12-09
url = http://www.southwest.com/flt1248/flt1248_200512090934.html
format = HTML
archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20051211060925/http://www.southwest.com/flt1248/flt1248_200512090934.html
archivedate = 2005-12-11
accessdate = 2006-12-07 ]

At around 7:15 p.m. CST, the pilot attempted a landing with nearly eight inches of snow on the ground in the area. Airport officials stated that the runway was cleared of snow at the time of landing. The latest reported weather had the wind from between east and east-southeast (100°) at convert|11|kn|km/h|0.

An east south easterly wind would normally favor landing into the wind on Runway 13 Center. The runway visual range was reported at 4,500', below the landing minimums for the Instrument Landing System approach to Runway 13C. The only available ILS runway with a lower minimum was the opposite direction on 31C, with the airplane's groundspeed boosted by a tailwind. cite web
title = NTSB Update on Southwest Airlines Runway Overrun at Midway Airport
publisher = National Transportation Safety Board
date = 2005-12-15
url = http://www.ntsb.gov/Pressrel/2005/051215.htm
format = HTML
accessdate = 2006-12-07 ] Alternately, the crew could have held in the air, waiting for the weather to improve, or they could have diverted to another airport, such as Chicago O'Hare International, whose substantially longer runways were 10 minutes' flying time away. Each of these options would have entailed considerable additional expense for Southwest, as well as missed connections and significant inconvenience for the flight's passengers. The National Transportation Safety Board identified the psychological pressure to complete their assigned task as one of the factors contributing to the crew's decision to land at Midway despite unfavorable conditions. Cockpit voice-recorder transcripts indicate the pilots had been concerned about the weather and, prior to landing, jokingly alluded to the movie "Airplane!," saying "I picked a bad day to stop sniffin' glue." [ cite web
first = Matthew
last = Wald
title = "New Details About 2005 Southwest Crash Emerge at Hearing"
publisher = The New York Times
date = 2006-06-20
url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/20/business/20cnd-crash.html?ex=1308456000&en=bbf31c2fe0543149&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
format = HTML
accessdate = 2007-10-18 ]

The NTSB preliminary report has determined that the aircraft touched down in the touchdown zone of the runway with 4,500 feet of its convert|6522|ft|m|0|sing=on length remaining; under the prevailing conditions of weather, wind, speed, and weight, the aircraft needed 5,300 feet of runway to stop safely. cite news
last = Kidwell
first = David
coauthors = McCormick, John; Hilkevitch, Jon; Gibson, Ray; Washburn, Gary; Sadovi, Carlos; & Mihalopoulos, Dan
title = Chicago's Midway Land Rush: City quietly buys 400 parcels around Southwest Side airport
work =
pages =
language =
publisher = Chicago Tribune
date = 2005-12-16
url = http://www.southwestflight1248crash.com/news.htm#tribune121605
accessdate = 2006-12-07 ]

A preliminary NTSB advisory says: "The flying pilot (Captain) stated that he could not get the reverse thrust levers out of the stowed position. The first officer, after several seconds, noticed that the thrust reversers were not deployed and activated the reversers without a problem. Flight data recorder information reveals that the thrust reversers were not deployed until 18 seconds after touchdown, at which point there was only about 1,000 feet of usable runway remaining."

The plane skidded during landing; subsequently, witnesses said the nosegear collapsed, the aircraft crashed into a barrier wall surrounding the airport, then came to rest on South Central Avenue just south of the 55th Street intersection at the northwestern corner of the airport. The intersection was full of traffic, and at least three cars were hit, killing a six-year-old boy named Joshua Woods, critically injuring five occupants of one car (two adults and three children), and seriously injuring four occupants of a second car. All were quickly taken to area hospitals. Three passengers from the plane were taken to hospitals with minor injuries. Twelve people were taken to hospitals after the incident. Another of the cars hit was parked and unoccupied. cite news
last =
first =
coauthors =
title = Boy dies as jet skids off runway
work =
pages =
language =
publisher = British Broadcasting Company
date = 2005-12-09
url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4512360.stm
accessdate = 2006-12-07 ]

The aircraft, a Boeing 737-700 with tail number airreg|N|471WN|disaster, was delivered to Southwest in July 2004. As a "Next Generation" model, the plane was equipped with the latest anti-skid and braking technology. The report noted that Southwest had only very recently begun actually using the autobrake systems, and that pilot training on proper use of auto brakes had been inadequate.

The National Transportation Safety Board was reported to be investigating, and Chicago Fire Department Commissioner Cortez Trotter said the plane would not be removed from the intersection until the NTSB gave clearance to do so following its on-site investigation. The nose of the aircraft was hoisted onto a flatbed tractor-trailer on Saturday, December 10, and the plane was towed to a hangar for continued inspection.

It is now recommended practice for any new runway to have a clear area at least convert|1000|ft|m|-2 long at each end, called a 'runway safety area', to allow additional space for an aircraft that overruns the runway to decelerate and stop in relative safety. As Midway was constructed before these rules were put in place, it does not have this safety area. The accident renewed debates on the need for, and feasibility of, an engineered materials arrestor system at Chicago Midway, given the lack of adequate overrun areas, and the surrounding residential neighborhoods. Additionally, actions taken by the city to acquire land for a buffer zone around the airport (in apparent recognition of the hazard) came to light after the crash. In 2007, installation began on modified, short-length arrestor beds, and the first one was completed at the SWA 1248 overrun site by the end of summer. The other three air carrier runway ends will also have arrestor beds installed.

The accident occurred 33 years to the day after United Airlines Flight 553, also a Boeing 737, crashed while approaching Midway Airport, killing 45. cite web
title = Aircraft Accident Report, United Air Lines, Inc., Boeing 737, N9031U
publisher = National Transportation Safety Board
date = 1973-08-29
url = http://amelia.db.erau.edu/reports/ntsb/aar/AAR73-16.pdf
format = PDF
accessdate = 2006-12-07 ] cite web
title = AirDisaster.Com Accident Database: Accident Synopsis 12081972
publisher = [http://www.airdisaster.net AirDisaster.net]
url = http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=12081972&reg=N9031U&airline=United+Airlines
accessdate = 2006-12-14 ]

The accident involving Flight 1248 was the first Southwest Airlines accident in the 35-year history of the company to result in a fatality. The previous major incident was in 2000 when Southwest Airlines Flight 1455 overran a runway at Burbank, California, injuring 43 and narrowly avoiding a catastrophe; the airplane ended up outside a Chevron gas station. Although the Midway accident killed a person on the ground rather than a passenger or crewmember, Southwest followed the tradition of retiring any flight number involved in a fatal crash; current flights from Baltimore to Chicago departing at or around 1555 hours are now designated Flight 1885. Southwest also [http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNumSQL.asp?NNumbertxt=286WN petitioned the FAA] in July 2006 to have the tail number of the aircraft changed to N286WN. cite web
title = N-number Inquiry Results
publisher = United States Federal Aviation Administration
date = 2006-12-07
url = http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNumSQL.asp?NNumbertxt=286WN
format = HTML
accessdate = 2006-12-07 ] After a lengthy repair, the aircraft emerged from Southwest's Midway hangar as N286WN in September, 2006.

See also

*Accidents and incidents in aviation
*Runway safety area
*Engineered materials arrestor system
*Ground effect in aircraft

Events at Midway

*United Airlines Flight 553 - December 8, 1972

Runway Overshoots

*Aeroméxico Flight 250
*Air France Flight 358 - August 2, 2005
*Garuda Indonesia Flight 200
*Lion Air Flight 538
*Qantas Flight 1 - September 23, 1999
*One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269
*Southwest Airlines Flight 1455 - March 5, 2000
*TAM Linhas Aéreas Flight 3054

ources

Works cited

References

*cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/12/08/chicago.airplane/index.html|title= Boy killed after plane skids off runway|publisher=CNN|date=December 8, 2005
*cite news|url=http://www.nbc5.com/news/5496914/detail.html?z=dp&dpswid=2265994&dppid=65194|title= Boy Killed After Plane Skids Off Runway|publisher=Associated Press|date=December 8, 2005
*cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-051208midway,1,5533660.story?coll=chi-news-hed|title=Airplane's nose gear breaks off in crash|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=December 8, 2005
*cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4512360.stm|title=Boy dies as jet skids off runway|publisher=BBC|date=December 8, 2005
*cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/TRAVEL/12/07/runway.safety.ap/index.html|title=NTSB urges pilots to change landing distance calculations|publisher=CNN|date=December 7, 2006
*cite press release
title=NTSB UPDATE ON SOUTHWEST AIRLINES RUNWAY OVERRUN AT MIDWAY AIRPORT
publisher=NTSB
date=2005-12-15
url=http://www.ntsb.gov/Pressrel/2005/051215.htm
accessdate=2006-01-03

External links

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20051211061131/www.southwest.com/flt1248/flt1248_index.html Information Regarding Southwest Airlines Flight 1248] as of December 11, 2005
* [http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/img/06-06/0621cockpit.pdf Full Transcript of Cockpit Voice Recorder for Southwest Flight 1248]
* [http://flightaware.com/live/flight/SWA1248 FlightAware tracking page for Southwest Flight 1248 showing flight path]
* [http://www.rapp.org/archives/2005/12/southwest/ High-quality overhead photos]