Reduction

Reduction

Reduction, reduced, or reduce may refer to:

cience

Chemistry

*Reductionchemical reaction in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed.
**Reduced gasa gas with a low oxidation number
**Ore reduction: see smelting

Computing and algorithms

*Reduction (complexity)a transformation of one problem into another problem.
*Graph reductionan efficient version of non-strict evaluation
*Strength reductiona compiler optimization where a function of some systematically changing variable is calculated more efficiently by using previous values of the function
*Reduction (recursion theory)given sets A and B of natural numbers, is it possible to effectively convert a method for deciding membership in B into a method for deciding membership in A?
*L-reductiona transformation of optimization problems which keeps the approximability features
*Variance reductiona procedure used to increase the precision of the estimates that can be obtained for a given number of iterations
*Partial order reductiona technique for reducing the size of the state-space to be searched by a model checking algorithm
*Bit Rate Reductionan audio compression method
* Reduce (computer algebra system)a general-purpose computer algebra system geared towards applications in physics
* Reduce (higher-order function)in functional programming, a family of higher-order functions that process a data structure in some order and build up a return value
*Reduced instruction set computera CPU design philosophy that favors an instruction set reduced both in size and complexity of addressing modes, in order to enable easier implementation, greater instruction level parallelism, and more efficient compilers

Pure mathematics and statistics

*Reduction (mathematics)the rewriting of an expression into a simpler form
*Beta reductionthe rewriting of an expression from lambda calculus into a simpler form
*Dimension reductionthe process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration
*Lattice reductiongiven an integer lattice basis as input, to find a basis with short, nearly orthogonal vectors
*Reduction of ordera technique for solving second-order ordinary differential equations
*Relation reductionthe extent to which a given relation is determined by an indexed family or a sequence of other relations, called the relation dataset
*Reduction of the structure groupfor a G-bundle B and a map H o G an H-bundle B_H such that the pushout B_H imes_H G is isomorphic to B
*Reduction system, reduction strategy, the application of rewriting systems to eliminate reducible expressions.
*Reduced formin statistics, an equation which relates the endogenous variable X to all the available exogenous variables, both those included in the regression of interest (W) and the instruments (Z)
*Reduced ringa ring with no non-zero nilpotent elements
*Reduced residue systema set of φ(n) integers such that each integer is relatively prime to n and no two are congruent modulo n
*Reduced producta construction that generalizes both direct product and ultraproduct
*Reduced wordin a free group, a word with no adjacent generator-inverse pairs
*Reduced homologya minor modification made to homology theory in algebraic topology, designed to make a point have all its homology groups zero
*Reduced row echelon forma certain reduced row echelon form of a matrix which completely and uniquely determines its row space

Physics

*Dimensional reductionthe limit of a compactified theory where the size of the compact dimension goes to zero
*Reduction criterionin quantum information theory, a necessary condtion a mixed state must satisfy in order for it to be separable
*Reduced temperatureof a fluid means the actual temperature, divided by its critical temperature
*Reduced massthe "effective" inertial mass appearing in the two-body problem of Newtonian mechanics

Technology

*Noise reductionacoustic or signal processing
*Reduction drivea mechanical device to shift rotational speed

Philosophy

*Reduction (philosophy)the process by which one object, property, concept, theory, etc., is shown to be entirely dispensable in favor of another
*Intertheoretic reductionin philosophy of science, one theory makes predictions that perfectly or almost perfectly match the predictions of a second theory
*Eidetic reduction a technique in the study of essences in phenomenology whose goal is to identify the basic components of phenomena

Medicine

*Weight loss
*Selective reduction – (or fetal reduction), the practice of reducing the number of fetuses in a multifetal pregnancy
*Reduction (orthopedic surgery)a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment.
*Ventricular reduction a type of operation in cardiac surgery
*Urea reduction ratio – (URR), a dimensionless number used to quantify hemodialysis treatment adequacy

cosmetic surgery

*Breast reduction
*Jaw reduction

epidemiology

*Relative risk reductionthe absolute risk reduction by the control event rate
*Absolute risk reductionthe decrease in risk of a given activity or treatment in relation to a control activity or treatment.

Linguistics

*Accent reductiona systematic approach to reducing one's foreign accent
*Vowel reductiona type of variation in the acoustic quality of vowels related to changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or position in the word; or changes in the number of vowels during the evolution of a language
*Relaxed pronunciationwhen the syllables of common words are slurred together
*Definite article reductionuse of vowel-less forms of the definite article in northern dialects of English language in England

Politics and social policy

*Harm reductiona philosophy of public health, intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain potentially dangerous lifestyle choices
*Immigration reduction
*Paperwork reductionreducing red tape
*Poverty reduction
*Risk reductionrisk management by reducing the severity of an eventuated risk
*Waste minimisation

History

*Lithic reductionin Stone Age toolmaking, to detach lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone
*Reduction (Sweden)return to the Crown of fiefs that had been granted to the Swedish nobility
*Indian Reductionssettlements in Spanish America intended to assimilate Indians

Other

*Reduction (cooking)the process of thickening or intensifying the flavor of a liquid mixture such as a soup, sauce, wine, or juice by evaporation
*Reduction to practicein United States patent law, the embodiment of the concept of an invention
*Reduction in rankmilitary law
*Piano reductionsheet music for the piano that was once music for other instruments that was reduced to its most basic components within a two line staff for piano
*Ego reductionpredicated on the use of Sigmund Freud's concept of the ego

ee also

*Prevention


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  • réduction — [ redyksjɔ̃ ] n. f. • fin XIIIe « rapprochement »; lat. reductio, de reducere → réduire I ♦ (XIVe) Opération qui consiste à remettre en place (un os luxé, fracturé; un organe déplacé). Réduction d une articulation luxée. Par ext. Réduction d une… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • reduction — re‧duc‧tion [rɪˈdʌkʆn] noun FINANCE 1. [countable, uncountable] when prices, costs etc become lower or are made lower: • Our winter sale includes many price reductions. • We can make a reduction (= sell something more cheaply …   Financial and business terms

  • Reduction — Réduction Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Reduction — Re*duc tion (r[ e]*d[u^]k sh[u^]n), n. [F. r[ e]duction, L. reductio. See {Reduce}.] 1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a body to powder; the… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • reduction — Reduction. s. f. v. Action de reduire. Reduction d une ville à l obéissance du Prince. la procession pour la reduction de Paris. reduction d une pinte de liqueur à une chopine. reduction des especes, des monnoyes. reduction des sols en livres.… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • Reduction — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Reduction Álbum de Peter Banks Publicación 1999 Género(s) Rock progresivo …   Wikipedia Español

  • reduction — Reduction, f. acut. Est proprement, ramenement (s il se peut dire ainsi) d une chose à son premier lieu et estat, et est pur Latin de Reductio, hormis du son et prolation François. Et selon ceste deduction, on peut dire Reduction estre,… …   Thresor de la langue françoyse

  • reduction — index abatement (reduction), abridgment (condensation), abstract, capsule, curtailment, decrease, deduction ( …   Law dictionary

  • reduction — [ri duk′shən] n. [LME reduccion < MFr reduction < L reductio < reductus, pp. of reducere] 1. a reducing or being reduced 2. anything made or brought about by reducing, as a smaller copy, lowered price, sauce of concentrated liquid, etc.… …   English World dictionary

  • reduction — reduction. См. редукция. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

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