- Service rifle
The service rifle (also known as standard-issue rifle) of a given
army orarmed force is that which it issues as standard to itssoldier s. In modern forces, this is typically a highly versatile and ruggedassault rifle suitable for use in nearly all theatres and environments. Service rifles are also often selected for their upgradability (e.g. the addition of underslunggrenade launcher s, sights, flashlights,laser sight s, etc).Although certain weapons issued to
special forces units are rarely considered 'service weapons' in the truest sense, certain specialistrifle s andsubmachine gun s are categorized as such if issued as perstandard operating procedure s upon entering special environments or scenarios. These may includeurban warfare (FIBUA/MOUT) andjungle warfare environments.Most armies also have
service pistol s/side arm s.History
Originally, rifles used in combat were not standard-issue weapons like the service rifles of today. Rifles were for specialist marksmen only, whilst the ordinary infantry were issued less accurate
smoothbore musket s which had a higher rate of fire, with bore diameters as high as 19 mm, or 0.75 inch. By the middle of the 19th century, however, rifles were becoming more and more common on the battlefield, with the muskets being phased out. Originally, these combat rifles were single-shot muzzleloading weapons, but as technology advanced through the 18th and 19th centuries, so too did the technique of loading rounds. First, breech-loading firearms, like the PrussianNeedle gun of the mid-18th century came to prominence, which then evolved into repeating weapons, such as the bolt-actionMosin-Nagant rifle used byImperial Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and theSoviet Union in theSecond World War . By this time almost all prominent armies in the world had some sort of standard service rifle.During the Second World War, there was yet another leap forward in rifle design which was to influence service rifles even today. That is, the use of a fired cartridge's gas emissions to automatically rechamber rounds into the breech once a bullet had been fired, as well as expelling the old cartridge. These weapons were known as gas-operated firearms. Some of the earliest examples of these were most prominent in the Second World War, and were usually semi automatic, such as the American-made M1 Garand, first brought into service with the United States in 1936. These "battle rifle s", as they were called, usually fired a "full-sized" (as opposed to an intermediate) rifle cartridge, such as the.30-06 Springfield or.303 British . Another type of commonly-issued rifle which was to become well known during this time was theassault rifle , a (usually) fully-automatic rifle firing a lighter "intermediate" cartridge, as opposed to the full-sized cartridges used by battle rifles. The first of these was theSturmgewehr 44 , used by Nazi Germany in the later stages of the Second World War. The StG44 was not issued in large numbers, and was never adopted as Germany's service rifle. However, this weapon was to serve as the precursor to other assault rifles such as the SovietAK-47 , the American M-16, the BelgianFN FAL , the German G3 and the SwissSturmgewehr 57 , which today supersede battle rifles as the service rifle of choice for militaries the world over.ervice rifles by nation
Belgium
France Italy Norway Spain ee also
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Rifle
*Battle rifle
*List of assault rifles
*List of service rifles of national armies
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