- Joseph Bancroft
Joseph Bancroft, (
21 February 1836 –16 June 1894 ) was asurgeon and parasitologist born inEngland , who emigrated toAustralia .Early life
Bancroft was born in
Stretford , nearManchester , the only child of Joseph Bancroft, farmer, and his wife Mary, née Lane. He took a five apprenticeship with Dr Jeremiah Renshaw at Sale in Cheshire. He later studied at the Manchester Royal School of Medicine and Surgery (M.R.C.S., L.S.A., 1859), where he won several prizes. He took his medical degree at theUniversity of St Andrews in 1859 and later became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons. He practised atNottingham until 1864, then emigrated toQueensland after being advised a warmer climate would improve his health.Career in Australia
Bancroft arrived in
Brisbane on29 October 1864 , having travelled on the "Lady Young" as surgeon. After a short holiday he began to practise in a residential quarter of Brisbane, and soon became a respectedphysician andsurgeon .In 1867 he was appointed visiting surgeon at the
Brisbane General Hospital and became house surgeon in 1868. He resumed practice at Carlton in Wickham Terrace in 1870, found himself in much demand, but contrived to do a good deal of research. He was the discoverer of the medical properties of Duboisia myoporoides, which was afterwards largely used in ophthalmic surgery. In 1872 he investigated the properties ofpituri , another of the Duboisias, and discovered itsnicotine contents. In 1877 he travelled to the East,Europe andAfrica , supposedly onholiday , however he could not refrain from studyingdisease s peculiar to each country.After Bancroft's return from his travels, he carried on a large practice and, in addition to his scientific research on medical problems, developed his interest in economic
botany . He made many experiments to obtain a rust-proofwheat , showed great interest inviticulture and the culture of oysters, studied the diseases of thebanana andsugar cane , and invented a preparation ofpemmican or desiccated beef. The medical properties of numerous native plants were investigated; he prepared apamphlet , "Contribution to Pharmacy from Queensland", for the 1886 colonial andIndia n exhibition held inLondon . In 1888 Bancroft reluctantly joined the royal commission to investigate the rabbit problem. Shortly before his death he was on the sub-committee appointed by the Medical Society of Queensland to assist in the revision of the BritishPharmacopoeia . He made important researches inleprosy and became well known through his studies in filaria disease; he was the discoverer of the mature parasiteFilaria bancrofti and was one of the first to suggest it was borne bymosquito es. Bancroft was a leading scientist of his period in Queensland. He was at various times vice-president of theAustralasian Association for the Advancement of Science , president of the Queensland Medical Board, of theRoyal Society of Queensland , and the Medical Society of Queensland.Bancroft died suddenly in Ann Street, Brisbane on
16 June 1894 , he was survived by his wife, a daughter, and a son, Dr Thomas L. Bancroft (1860-1933), who also did valuable scientific work.The main building of the
Queensland Institute of Medical Research is named the Bancroft Centre in honour of Bancroft's role as the key figure in establishing medical research in Queensland.References
*
* [http://www.qimr.edu.au/about/history.html Queensland Institute of Medical Research History]
*M. Josephine Mackerras, ' [http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A030084b.htm Bancroft, Joseph (1836 - 1894)] ',Australian Dictionary of Biography , Volume 3, MUP, 1969, pp 84-85.Additional source listed by the "Australian Dictionary of Biography":
*E. Ford, ‘The life and influence of Joseph Bancroft’, "Medical Journal of Australia",4 February 1961
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