List of Lepidoptera that feed on spruces

Spruces ("Picea" spp.) are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species including:

* Batrachedridae
** "Batrachedra pinicolella"
* Gelechiidae
**"Chionodes" spp.:
*** "C. continuella" - recorded on White Spruce ("P. glauca")
*** "C. electella"
* Geometridae
** Autumnal Moth ("Epirrita autumnata")
** Bordered White ("Bupalis piniaria")
** The Engrailed ("Ectropis crepuscularia")
** Grey Pug ("Eupithecia subfuscata") - recorded on Black Spruce ("P. mariana")
** Scalloped Hazel ("Odontopera bidentata") - recorded on Norway Spruce ("P. abies")
** Winter Moth ("Operophtera brumata") - recorded on Norway Spruce ("P. abies")
* Hepialidae
** Conifer Swift ("Korscheltellus gracilis") - a pest of Red Spruce ("P. rubens"), also recorded on White Spruce ("P. glauca")
** "Gazoryctra wielgusi"
* Lymantriidae
** Gypsy moth ("Lymantria dispar") - older larvae only
* Noctuidae
** Pine Beauty ("Panolis flammea")
** Turnip Moth ("Agrotis segetum") - recorded on Sitka Spruce ("P. sitchensis")

External links

* [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/hostplants/ Caterpillar Hostplants Database]