Godwit

Taxobox
name = Godwits


image_caption = Bar-tailed Godwit "Limosa lapponica"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Charadriiformes
familia = Scolopacidae
genus = "Limosa"
genus_authority = Brisson, 1760
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = 4, see text.

The godwits are a group of large, long-billed, long-legged and strongly migratory wading birds of the genus "Limosa". They form large flocks on coasts and estuaries in winter.

They can be distinguished from the curlews by their straight or slightly upturned bills, and from the dowitchers by their longer legs. The winter plumages are fairly drab, but three species have reddish underparts when breeding. The females are appreciably larger than the males.

Although not common tablefare today, they were once a popular British dish. Sir Thomas Browne writing in the seventeenth century noted that godwits "were accounted the daintiest dish in England."

Godwits are shore birds (family Scolopacidae), large sandpipers with long legs and bills. Their long, subtly upcurved bills allow them to probe deeply in the sand for aquatic worms and mollusks. Godwits frequent tidal shorelines, breeding in northern climates in summer and migrating south in winter. In their winter range, they flock together where food is plentiful. The combination of long legs and long almost straight bill distinguishes the godwits from both the curlews and the dowitchers

Family Scolopacidae

* Genus "Limosa"
** Black-tailed Godwit, "Limosa limosa"
** Hudsonian Godwit, "Limosa haemastica"
** Bar-tailed Godwit, "Limosa lapponica"
** Marbled Godwit, "Limosa fedoa"

In addition, there are one or 2 species of fossil prehistoric godwits. "Limosa vanrossemi" is known from the Monterey Formation (Late Miocene, approx. 6 mya) of Lompoc, USA. "Limosa gypsorum" of the Late Eocene (Montmartre Formation, some 35 mya) of France may have actually been a curlew or some bird ancestral to both curlews and godwits (and possibly other Scolopacidae), or even a rail, being placed in the monotypic genus "Montirallus" by some (Olson, 1985). Certainly, curlews and godwits are rather ancient and in some respects primitive lineages of scolopacids (Thomas "et al.", 2004), further complicating the assignment of such possibly basal forms.

A female bar-tailed godwit holds the record for the longest non-stop flight for a land bird.

References

* Olson, Storrs L. (1985): Section X.D.2.b. Scolopacidae. "In:" Farner, D.S.; King, J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.): "Avian Biology" 8: 174-175. Academic Press, New York.

* Thomas, Gavin H.; Wills, Matthew A. & Székely, Tamás (2004): A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny. "BMC Evol. Biol." 4: 28. doi|10.1186/1471-2148-4-28 [http://www.pubmedcentral.org/picrender.fcgi?artid=515296&blobtype=pdf PDF fulltext] [http://www.pubmedcentral.org/articlerender.fcgi?artid=515296#supplementary-material-sec Supplementary Material]

* ScienceDaily.com - Bird Completes Epic Flight Across The Pacific [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070915131205.htm]