The Diary of Anne Frank (film)

Infobox Film
name = The Diary of Anne Frank


image_size = 150px
caption = film poster by Tom Chantrell
director = George Stevens
producer =
writer = Anne Frank
Frances Goodrich
Albert Hackett
starring = Millie Perkins
Joseph Schildkraut
Shelley Winters
Diane Baker
music = Alfred Newman
cinematography = William C. Mellor
editing = David Bretherton
William Mace
Robert Swink
distributor = Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
released = 18 March 1959
runtime = 180 min
language = English, German
budget = US$3 million
imdb_id = 0052738|

"The Diary of Anne Frank" is a 1959 motion picture based on the Pulitzer Prize winning play of the same name, which was based on the diary of Anne Frank. It was directed by George Stevens, with a screenplay by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett. It won three Oscars.

From stage to screen

:"For the main article on the play, see The Diary of Anne Frank (play)"

Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett's stage adaptation of the bestselling diary of Anne Frank, on which this film was based, premiered in October 1955 to salutary reviews and stunned audiences. Kenneth Tynan, who attended the 1956 Berlin premiere described it in his review as 'the most drastic emotional experience the theater has ever given me. It had little to do with art, as the play is not a great one, yet in its effect, in Berlin, at that moment of history, transcended anything that art has learned yet to achieve. It invaded the privacy of the whole audience.' European audiences who remembered the Nazi occupiers were forced to confront the reality which faced many of their fellow civilians: persecution, expulsion, deportation, and death.

A few critics noted that the 'Anne' of the play had little resemblance to Anne Frank as she revealed herself in the published diary, and the widow of the man 'Albert Dussel' was based on begged the screenwriters without success to portray him faithfully, but generally audiences connected the 'Anne' of the play with the author of the now bestselling book, and they attended performances in droves.

Its success immediately suggested a film adaptation and on May 20 1957 Anne Frank's father Otto Frank (the sole survivor of his immediate family) signed a contract with 20th Century Fox giving his approval and shooting started the following spring with a 3 million dollar budget.

It was hoped that the cast of the original stage production would reprise their roles on film, and Joseph Schildkraut and Gusti Huber did return, but Susan Strasberg who had played Anne, declined, and the search for an actress to play the lead began. The role was offered to Natalie Wood, who also declined. Otto Frank's first choice was Audrey Hepburn who was born the same year as Anne and had also lived through the war in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands. She had read Anne's diary in Dutch shortly before it was published in 1947 and felt devastated by it. In spite of a personal meeting with Otto Frank she too turned down the lead role as she felt too old to play a teenager and that the experience of reliving the war would be too traumatising. Hepburn however remained friends with Otto Frank until his death in 1980 and became patron of the Anne Frank Educational Trust UK. After much searching the lead role went to teenaged model Millie Perkins and the remaining cast were secured.

George Stevens filmed the exteriors on location in Amsterdam around the actual house the family had hidden in, but recreated the hiding place as a set in a Hollywood sound stage. Great care was taken to make the film look as authentic as possible. Otto Frank and one of the men who had helped hide him and his family, Johannes Kleiman, were brought in as technical advisors to the props department so that the hiding place could be refurnished according to their memories. Some scenes were more authentic than expected; one point features Hendrik van Hoeve, the greengrocer who supplied black market vegetables to the hideaways, playing himself. A final scene which showed Millie Perkins as Anne in Auschwitz was filmed but cut from the edit after an unfavourable response from the test audience. Stevens replaced it with a more uplifting shot of the sky with a voice-over from Perkins. Although the film was not a commercial success and opened to mixed reviews it was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won three.

Cast

* Millie Perkins as Anne Frank
* Joseph Schildkraut as Otto Frank
* Shelley Winters as Petronella van Daan
* Richard Beymer as Peter van Daan
* Gusti Huber as Edith Frank
* Lou Jacobi as Hans van Daan
* Diane Baker as Margot Frank
* Douglas Spencer as Kraler
* Dodie Heath as Miep
* Ed Wynn as Albert Dussell

Awards and nominations

The film won three Academy Awards:
*Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress – Shelley Winters (now on display at Anne Frank House in Amsterdam)
*Academy Award for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White – George W. Davis, Stuart A. Reiss, Walter M. Scott, and Lyle R. Wheeler
*Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black-and-White – William C. Mellor

It was nominated for a further five:
*Academy Award for Best Picture – George Stevens Jr., producer
*Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor – Ed Wynn
*Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black-and-White – Charles Le Maire, and Mary Wills
*Academy Award for Best Director – George Stevens
*Academy Award for Original Music Score, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture – Alfred Newman

DVD Release

On February 3, 2004, The Diary of Anne Frank was released on DVD. The special features included some of the following; "The Diary of Anne Frank: Echoes From the Past featurette, a press conference with director George Stevens, MovieTone news announcing public appearances by Millie Perkins, a screen test, and an audio commentary by Millie Perkins and George Stevens Jr, the director's son.

Television adaptations

The play has been adapted twice for television, in 1967 and 1980. The 1980 version starred Melissa Gilbert as Anne and Maximilian Schell as her father.

ee also

*The Diary of a Young Girl
* (1988 TV film)
* (2001 mini series)
*List of Holocaust films

External links

*imdb title|id=0052738|title=The Diary of Anne Frank
*rotten-tomatoes|id=diary_of_anne_frank|title=The Diary of Anne Frank