Rubus strigosus

Taxobox
name = "Rubus strigosus"


image_width = 240px
image_caption = "Rubus strigosus" in upstate New York, the dark green plant to left is poison ivy
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Rosales
familia = Rosaceae
subfamilia = Rosoideae
genus = "Rubus"
subgenus = "Idaeobatus"
species = "R. strigosus"
binomial = "Rubus strigosus"
binomial_authority = Michx.

"Rubus strigosus" (American Red Raspberry or American Raspberry) is a species of "Rubus" native to most of North America. It has been widely treated as a variety or subspecies of the closely related Eurasian "Rubus idaeus" (Raspberry or European Raspberry),USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RUIDS2 "Rubus idaeus" subsp. "strigosus"] ] Plants of British Columbia: [http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Rubus+idaeus "Rubus idaeus" subsp. "strigosus"] ] but is increasingly being treated as a distinct species.Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?32456 "Rubus strigosus"] ] Roland, A. E., & Smith, E. C. (1969, reprinted 1983). "The Flora of Nova Scotia". Halifax: Nova Scotia Museum.] Grignon, T. (1992). The Dynamics of "Rubus strigosus" (Michx.) in Post-Clearcut Mixedwood and Softwood Forests of Nova Scotia. Thesis.]

It is a perennial plant which bears biennial stems ("canes") from the perennial root system. In its first year, a new stem grows vigorously to its full height of 0.5–2 m, unbranched, and bearing large pinnate leaves with three or five (rarely seven) leaflets; normally it does not produce any flowers. In its second year, the stem does not grow taller, but produces several side shoots, which bear smaller leaves with three leaflets. The flowers are produced in late spring on short racemes on the tips of these side shoots, each flower with five white petals 4–7 mm long. The fruit is 1–1.2 cm diameter, red, edible, sweet but tart-flavored, produced in summer or early autumn; in botanical terminology, it is not a berry at all, but an aggregate fruit of numerous drupelets around a central core.Plants For A Future: [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Rubus+strigosus "Rubus strigosus"] ]

Many of the commercial raspberry cultivars grown for their fruit derive from hybrids between "Rubus strigosus" and "R. idaeus"; see raspberry for more details.

ystematics

Many taxonomists believe that "R. strigosus" Michx. is the same species as the European "Rubus idaeus" L. These two are the most common members of the subgenus "Idaeobatus" and can be difficult to differentiate; the most distinctive physical difference being the gland-tipped hairs on first-year canes, petioles, pedicels and calyces of "R. strigosus".Bailey, L. H. (1945). Species Batorum. The genus "Rubus" in North America X. "Gentes Herbarum" 5: 859-918.] This character had been refuted previously by Fernald,Fernald, M. L. (1900). "Rubus idaeus" and its variety anomalus in America. "Rhodora" 22: 195-200.] but Bailey's sheer volume of taxonomic work with "Rubus" is more reliable.Whitney, G. G. (1978). A demographic analysis of "Rubus idaeus" L. and "Rubus pubescens" Raf.: the reproductive traits and population dynamics of two temporally isolated members of the genus "Rubus". Ph.D. thesis, Yale University. 139 pp.]

"Rubus strigosus" is widely distributed in North America. Some authors also treat raspberries in eastern Asia, east from the Aerhtal Shan (Altai) Mountain Range in Mongolia to Dongbei (Manchuria) and Japan in this taxon (where it is suggested to have originated along with a great deal of the North American flora), but others include all Asian raspberries in "R. idaeus".Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?32348 "Rubus idaeus"] ] The two species probably recently diverged from a common ancestor and this has led many taxonomists to refer to them interchangeably or sometimes as a variety of the other such as "R. idaeus" L. var. "strigosus" (Michx.) Maxim.Fernald, M. L. (1919). "Rubus idaeus" and some of its variations in North America. "Rhodora" 21: 89-98.] Hodgdon, A. R., & Pike, R. B. (1964). Flora of the Wolf Islands, New Brunswick. Part 2. Some phytogeographic considerations. "Rhodora" 66: 140.] The plant is named "R. strigosus" in the floras of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and by other maritime field researchers.Nickerson, N. L., & Hall, I. V. (1978). Large-flowered Trillium, "Trillium grandiflorum", in Nova Scotia. "Canad. Field-Naturalist" 92 (3): 291.] Freedman, B. (1989). "Environmental Ecology: The Impacts of Pollution and Other Stresses on Ecosystem Structure and Function". Academic Press, Inc., San Diego.]

References