Kuznetsky Most

Kuznetsky Most ( _ru. Кузнецкий Мост) is a street in central Moscow, that runs from Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street to Lubyanka Street. The name, literally "Blacksmith's Bridge", refers to the 18th century bridge over Neglinnaya River, now running in an underground tunnel, and a nearby foundry and the settlement of its workers. Since the middle of 18th century, Kuznetsky Most was the street of fashion and expensive shopping.

The street is administered by Tverskoy District (west) and Meshchansky District (east).

History

Early history

Until the end of 15th century, Moscow was growing eastward, into Kitai-gorod. Prince Ivan III of Russia established his arsenal (Пушечный двор, Cannon Court) in the west, beyond Neglinnaya river. Later, he also set up a settlement of former Pskov residents, abducted from their hometown after the wars of 1480s. Population grew slowly until the 1737 fire which razed the area.

The Bridge

Soon after the fire, the territory was built out with upper-class buildings and shops. Large territories north from the street were consolidated by the Vorontsov family estate. In 1754-57, architect Semyon Yakovlev built a stone bridge over Neglinnaya River to a design by Dmitry Ukhtomsky. The bridge over Neglinnaya lowlands extended 120 meters long and 12 meters wide; the shops between Kuznetsky Bridge and Vorontsov lands where literally standing on the edge of this bridge. The street was known as the home of notorious Darya Saltykova (1730-1801), condemned to life in prison for torturing her slaves.

19th century

The Fire of Moscow (1812) spared Kuznetsky Most, where Napoleon's Guards were stationed in defense of French colony in Moscow. In 1817-1819, the city locked Neglinnaya River in an underground tunnel and demolished the redundant bridge - excluding its norther wall that supported surviving buildings. Soon, the French colony returned and Kuznetsky Bridge became the street of bookstores, fashion and upper-class shopping, mostly managed by the French. "Kuznetsky Most" became the symbol of French influence on Russians, immortalized in Woe from Wit by Alexandr Griboyedov.

After Emancipation reform of 1861, Kuznetsky Most became the financial center of Moscow, with historical Juncker Bank Building and Dzhamgarov Bank built in 1890s. Art Nouveau landmark by Ivan Mashkov, the "Sokol" building (3, Kuznetsky Most) was built in 1903-1904. However, at that time it's address was Kuznetsky Lane: the part of Kuznetsky Most west of Petrovka Street was then known as Kuznetsky Lane; two streets were merged only in 1922.

Modern history

In 1920s, the Bolshevik administration demolished the church on the corner of Kuznetsky Most and Lubyanka Street, creating Vorovsky Square. Nearby blocks were gradually converted to KGB offices after World War II; the blocks facing Lubyanka Square were torn down to make way for the Ministry of Merchant Fleet and Alexey Dushkin's Detsky Mir department store. Both these buildings were recently rebuilt. Since the 1980s, the street reacquired it's status as an upper-class shopping lane, notably with rebuilding of Roman Klein's historical TsUM store.

Public transportation access

*Kuznetsky Most (Metro)
*Lubyanka (Metro)
*Okhotny Ryad

References

* Russian: П.В.Сытин, "Из истории московских улиц", М, 1948 (Sytin)