Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood

The Right Honourable The Viscount Greenwood PC, KC
Lord Greenwood, 1910.
Chief Secretary for Ireland
In office 2 April 1920 – 19 October 1922
Monarch	George V
Prime Minister	David Lloyd George
Preceded by	Ian Macpherson
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Personal details
Born	7 February 1870 (1870-02-07) Whitby, Ontario, Canada
Died	10 September 1948 (1948-09-11)
Nationality	British
Political party	Liberal Conservative
Spouse(s)	Margery Spencer
Alma mater	University of Toronto

Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood PC, KC (7 February 1870 – 10 September 1948), known as Sir Hamar Greenwood, Bt, between 1915 and 1929 and as The Lord Greenwood between 1929 and 1937, was a Canadian-born British lawyer and politician. He notably served as the last Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1920 and 1922.

Background and education

Greenwood was born in Whitby, Ontario in Canada and educated at the University of Toronto before migrating to England as a young man.

Political career

Greenwood was originally a Liberal and sat as Member of Parliament for York from 1906 to 1910^[1] and for Sunderland from 1910 to 1922.^[2] He served under David Lloyd George as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1919, as Additional Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Additional Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade and Secretary for Overseas Trade from 1919 to 1920 and as the last Chief Secretary for Ireland, with a seat in the Cabinet, from 1920 to 1922. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1920.

As Chief Secretary he was closely identified with the aggressive use of two specially formed paramilitary forces — the Black and Tans and the Auxiliaries — during the Irish War of Independence. After the burning of the centre of the city of Cork by British auxiliary forces in December 1920 Greenwood blamed the "Sinn Féin rebels" and the people of Cork for burning their own city.^[3] He lost his seat in the 1922 general election. At the 1924 general election, Greenwood was one of a small number of Liberals, including Winston Churchill, to stand as Constitutionalist candidates. These Liberals advocated closer ties between Liberals and Conservatives. Greenwood's candidature in Walthamstow East was supported by the local Conservative association but not by the local Liberals who had their own candidate. After the elections when it appeared that there was no prospect of formal closer ties between the two parties, Greenwood took the Conservative whip. He continued to represent Walthamstow East until 1929 although he never held office again.^[4]

Post-politics

Greenwood had been created a Baronet, of Onslow Gardens in the Royal Borough of Kensington, in 1915,^[5] and in 1929 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Greenwood, of Llanbister in the County of Radnor.^[6] In 1937 he was further honoured when he was created Viscount Greenwood, of Holbourne in the County of London.^[7] He was president of the British Iron and Steel Federation from 1938 to 1939 and chairman of the Pilgrims Society from 1945 till 1948, and president in 1948.

Family

His wife, Margery, Viscountess Greenwood (née Spencer), was knighted as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1922. She had very considerable political and diplomatic skills, and according to recent research, played a considerable role, behind the scenes, in the negotiations which led to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. Their elder son, David Henry Hamar Greenwood, succeeded his father as second Viscount. On his death he was succeeded by his brother, Michael Greenwood, who died unmarried and without issue.

References

1. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "Y" (part 1)
2. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 6)
3. ^ "BLAME CORK FIRES ON MILITARY ALONE; Irish Labor Party and Trades Union Congress Issue Results of Their Inquiry.WITNESSES' NAMES SECRETBut Report Says 70 Were Examined, Including Men froman American Ship. CONTRADICTS GREENWOOD Challenges Government to IssueStrickland Report--Now Official Inquiry Likely.". New York Times. 20 January 1921. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C04E5D9153CE533A25753C2A9679C946095D6CF. Retrieved 2008-08-14. 
4. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "W" (part 1)
5. ^ London Gazette: no. 29070. p. 1553. 16 February 1915.
6. ^ London Gazette: no. 33532. p. 5772. 6 September 1929.
7. ^ London Gazette: no. 34375. p. 1324. 26 February 1937.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood
• British Diplomacy and Canadian Responsibilities ([1], [2]).
• Hamar Greenwood at Whitby Public Library and Archives Digital Collection

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by John Butcher George Faber	Member of Parliament for York 1906 – Jan. 1910 With: George Faber	Succeeded by Arnold Stephenson Rowntree John Butcher
Preceded by Samuel Storey James Knott	Member of Parliament for Sunderland Dec. 1910 – 1922 With: Frank Walter Goldstone, 1910–1918; Ralph Milbanke Hudson, 1918–1922	Succeeded by Luke Thompson Sir Walter Raine
Preceded by Stanley Johnson	Member of Parliament for Walthamstow East 1924 – 1929	Succeeded by Harry Wallace
Political offices
Preceded by William Brace	Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department January–April 1919	Succeeded by John Baird
Preceded by Sir Arthur Steel-Maitland, Bt	Secretary for Overseas Trade 1919–1920	Succeeded by F. G. Kellaway
Preceded by Ian Macpherson	Chief Secretary for Ireland 1920 – 1922	Office abolished
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baronet (of Onslow Gardens) 1915 – 1948	Succeeded by David Greenwood
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Viscount Greenwood 1937 – 1948	Succeeded by David Greenwood

Persondata
Name	Greenwood, Hamar, 1st Viscount Greenwood
Alternative names
Short description	politician
Date of birth	7 February 1870
Place of birth	Whitby, Ontario, Canada
Date of death	10 September 1948
Place of death