Frederick II, Elector of Saxony

Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (Frederick the Gentle) (b. Leipzig, 22 August 1412 - d. Leipzig, 7 September 1464) was Elector of Saxony from 1428 to 1464.

Biography

Frederick was the eldest of the seven children of Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and Katharina of Brünswick-Lüneburg.

After the death of his father in 1428 he took over the government together with his younger brothers William III, Henry and Sigismund. In 1433 the Wettins finally concluded peace with the Hussites. In 1438 it was considered the first federal state parliament of Saxony. The parliament received the right to find together in case of innovations in fiscal matters also without summoning by the ruler.

After Henry's death in (1435), and Sigismund was forced to renounce and became a bishop in (1440), Frederick and William divided their possessions. In the division of Altenburg (1445), William III received the Thuringian and Frankish part, and Frederick got the Eastern part of the principality. The mines remained common possessions. Disputes over the distribution led however in 1446 to the Saxon Brother war, which found an end only on 27 January 1451 with the peace of Naumburg. In the Treaty of Eger in (1459), elector Friedrich, Duke William III and the king of Bohemia George of Podebrady fixed the borders between Bohemia and Saxony, at the height of the Erzgebirge and the middle of the Elbe which still holds today. It belongs therefore to the oldest still existing borders of Europe.

After the death of Frederick, both of his sons, Ernest and Albert, first took over the government together. After Duke William III died in 1482, Thuringia returned to Frederick's line.

Ancestry

Family and children

In Leipzig on 3 June 1431 Frederick married Margarete of Austria, the daughter of Ernest of Austria and Cymburgis of Masovia. They had eight children:
# Amalia (b. Meissen, 4 April 1436 - d. Rochlitz, 19 October 1501), married on 21 March 1452 to Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria.
# Anna (b. Meissen, 7 March 1437 - d. Neustadt am Aisch, 31 October 1512), married on 12 November 1458 to Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg.
# Frederick (b. Meissen, 28 August 1439 - d. Meissen, 23 December 1451).
# Ernest, Elector of Saxony (b. Meissen, 24 March 1441 - d. Colditz, 26 August 1486).
# Albrecht, Duke of Saxony (b. Grimma, 31 July 1443 - d. Emden, 12 September 1500).
# Margarete (b. Meissen?, 1444 - d. Seusslitz?, ca. 19 November 1498), Abbess of Seusslitz.
# Hedwig (b. Meissen?, 31 October 1445 - d. Quedlinburg, 13 June 1511), Abbess of Quedlinburg (1458).
# Alexander (b. Meissen, 24 June 1447 - d. Meissen, 14 September 1447).

References

* [http://mdz.bib-bvb.de/digbib/lexika/adb/images/adb007/@ebt-link?target=idmatch(entityref,adb0070780) Article in the ADB]
* [http://www.die-sachsen-kommen.de/wetthtm/wettin.htm Die Wettiner]