- Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini
The "Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini" ( _ru. Рапсодия на тему Паганини, "Rapsodiya na temu Paganini") in
A minor , opus 43, is a concertante work (20 to 25 minutes in length), written bySergei Rachmaninoff . It is written for solopiano andsymphony orchestra , closely resembling apiano concerto . The work was written atVilla Senar , according to the score, fromJuly 3 toAugust 18 1934 . Rachmaninoff himself, a noted interpreter of his own works, played the solo piano part at the piece's premiere at theLyric Opera House inBaltimore, Maryland onNovember 7 1934 with thePhiladelphia Orchestra conducted byLeopold Stokowski .tructure
The piece is a set of 24 variations on the twenty-fourth and last of
Niccolò Paganini 's "Caprices" for soloviolin , which has inspired works by several composers.* Introduction: Allegro vivace - Variation I (Precedente)
* Tema: L'istesso tempo
* Variation II: L'istesso tempo
* Variation III: L'istesso tempo
* Variation IV: Più vivo
* Variation V: Tempo precedente
* Variation VI: L'istesso tempo
* Variation VII: Meno mosso, a tempo moderato
* Variation VIII: Tempo I
* Variation IX: L'istesso tempo
* Variation X: L'istesso tempo
* Variation XI: Moderato
* Variation XII: Tempo di minuetto
* Variation XIII: Allegro
* Variation XIV: L'istesso tempo
* Variation XV: Più vivo scherzando
* Variation XVI: Allegretto
* Variation XVII: Allegretto
* Variation XVIII: Andante cantabile
* Variation XIX: A tempo vivace
* Variation XX: Un poco più vivo
* Variation XXI: Un poco più vivo
* Variation XXII: Un poco più vivo (Alla breve)
* Variation XXIII: L'istesso tempo
* Variation XXIV: A tempo un poco meno mossoAlthough Rachmaninoff's work is performed in one stretch without breaks, it can be divided into three sections, corresponding to the three movements of a
concerto : up to variation 11 corresponds to the first movement, variations 12 to 18 are the equivalent of a slow movement, and the remaining variations make a finale. [ [http://www.musicweb-international.com/Programme_Notes/rach_rhappag.htm Rachmaninov - Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini notes by Paul Serotsky] . RetrievedJanuary 21 ,2007 .]Composition
After a brief introduction, the first variation is played "before" the theme. Paganini's theme is stated on strings with the piano picking out salient notes, "after" the first variation. Rachmaninoff likely got the idea of having a variation before the theme from the finale of Beethoven's "Eroica" symphony.Steinberg, Michael. "The Concerto: a listeners guide". p. 367-370. Oxford University Press, 1998.] Variations II to VI recombine elements of the theme. The pauses and rhetorical flourishes for the piano in variation VI herald a change of tempo and tone. The piano next gravely intones the
Dies Irae , the "day of wrath"plainchant from the medieval Mass of the Dead, while the orchestra accompanies with a slower version of the opening motif of the Paganini theme. The piece is one of several by Rachmaninoff to quote the Dies Irae plainchant melody.The slow eighteenth variation is by far the most well-known, and it is often included on classical music compilations without the rest of the work. It is based on an inversion of the melody of Paganini's theme. In other words, the A minor Paganini theme is played "upside down" in D flat major. Rachmaninoff himself recognized the appeal of this variation, saying "This one, is for my agent."
In collaboration with Rachmaninoff, the
choreographer Michel Fokine created theballet "Paganini" using "Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini" as the score. It was premiered in1939 byThe Royal Ballet at theRoyal Opera House inCovent Garden ,London .elected recordings
*
Sergei Rachmaninoff , pianist, with thePhiladelphia Orchestra , conducted byLeopold Stokowski , recorded in 1934 (world premiere recording).
*William Kapell , pianist, with theRobin Hood Dell Orchestra , conducted byFritz Reiner , recorded in 1951.
*Arthur Rubinstein , pianist, with theChicago Symphony Orchestra , conducted byFritz Reiner , recorded in 1956.
*Leon Fleisher , pianist, with theCleveland Orchestra conducted byGeorge Szell , recorded in 1956 atSeverance Hall , Cleveland.
*Vladimir Ashkenazy , pianist, with theLondon Symphony Orchestra conducted byAndré Previn , recorded in 1972.
*Van Cliburn , pianist, with the Moscow Philarmonic Orchestra conducted byKiril Kondrashin , recorded in 1972.References
External links
* [http://classyclassical.blogspot.com/2005/09/rachmaninoffs-works-for-piano-and.html Rachmaninoff's Works for Piano and Orchestra] An analysis of Rachmaninoff's Works for Piano and Orchestra including the Piano Concertos and the Paganini Rhapsody
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/classical/discover.shtml The BBC's "Discovering Music"] (includes a link to a .ram (for theRealNetworks audio player) file discussing the piece)
* [http://www.classicalnotes.co.uk/notes/rachmaninov1.html Programme notes from classicalnotes.co.uk]
* [http://www.samscars.com/pagnini.mid MIDI file for 18th Variation]
*IMSLP2|id=Rhapsody_on_a_Theme_of_Paganini%2C_Op.43_%28Rachmaninoff%2C_Sergei%29|cname=Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini
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