Hybrid intelligent system

Hybrid intelligent system denotes a software system which employs, in parallel, a combination of methods and techniques from artificial intelligence subfields as:
* Neuro-fuzzy systems
* hybrid connectionist-symbolic models
* Fuzzy expert systems
* Connectionist expert systems
* Evolutionary neural networks
* Genetic fuzzy systems
* Rough fuzzy hybridization
* Reinforcement learning with fuzzy, neural, or evolutionary methods as well as symbolic reasoning methods.

From the cognitive science perspective, every natural intelligent system is hybrid because it performs mental operations on both the symbolic and subsymbolic levels. For the past few years there has been an increasing discussion of the importance of A.I. Systems Integration. Based on notions that there have already been created simple and specific AI systems (such as systems for computer vision, speech synthesis, etc., or software that employs some of the models mentioned above) and now is the time for integration to create broad AI systems. Proponents of this approach are researchers such as Marvin Minsky, Ron Sun, Aaron Sloman, and Michael A. Arbib.

An example hybrid is a hierarchical control system in which the lowest, reactive layers are sub-symbolic. The higher layers, having relaxed time constraints, are capable of reasoning from an abstract world model and performing planning.

References

* R. Sun & L. Bookman, (eds.), Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Needham, MA. 1994. http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/book2-ann.html
* S. Wermter and R. Sun, (eds.) Hybrid Neural Systems. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 2000. http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/book4-ann.html
* R. Sun and F. Alexandre, (eds.) Connectionist-Symbolic Integration. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. 1997.
* Albus, J. S., Bostelman, R., Chang, T., Hong, T., Shackleford, W., and Shneier, M. [http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/documents/shneier/LAGRLearn.pdf Learning in a Hierarchical Control System: 4D/RCS in the DARPA LAGR Program] NIST, 2006
* International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems http://ijhis.hybridsystem.com/
* http://www.iospress.nl/html/14485869.php
* International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems http://his.hybridsystem.com/
* HIS'01: http://www.softcomputing.net/his01/
* HIS'02: http://tamarugo.cec.uchile.cl/~his02/
* HIS'03: http://www.softcomputing.net/his03/
* HIS'04: http://www.cs.nmt.edu/~his04
* HIS'05: http://www.ica.ele.puc-rio.br/his05
* HIS'06 http://his-ncei06.kedri.info/
* HIS'07 September 17-19, 2007, Kaiserslautern, Germany, http://www.eit.uni-kl.de/koenig/HIS07_Web/his07main.html

* hybrid systems resources: http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/hybrid-resource.html