Ramsey Clark

Infobox US Cabinet official
name=William Ramsey Clark


order=66th
title=United States Attorney General
term_start=March 10, 1967
term_end=January 20, 1969
president=Lyndon B. Johnson
predecessor=Nicholas Katzenbach
successor=John N. Mitchell
birth_date=Birth date and age|1927|12|18|mf=y
birth_place=Dallas, Texas, United States
death_date=
death_place=
party=Democrat
spouse=
profession=

William Ramsey Clark (born December 18, 1927) is a lawyer and former United States Attorney General. He worked for the U.S. Department of Justice, which included service as the 66th United States Attorney General under President Lyndon B. Johnson. He is a left-wing activist and has been known for his continuing advocacy for civil and human rights political causes. He is also known for his role as defense attorney in the trials of Slobodan Milosevic and Saddam Hussein. He was a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Award and the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award.

Early life and career

Clark was born in Dallas, Texas, to Mary Jane Ramsey and Tom C. Clark, [ [http://www.wargs.com/political/clarkr.html Ancestry of Ramsey Clark ] ] who was also a United States Attorney General and a justice of the Supreme Court. Clark served in the United States Marine Corps in 1945 and 1946, then earned a B.A. degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1949, an M.A. and a J.D. from the University of Chicago in 1950.

He was admitted to the Texas bar in 1950, and to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1956. From 1951 to 1961, Clark was an associate and partner in the law firm of Clark, Reed and Clark.

Kennedy and Johnson Administrations

Clark served in the Department of Justice as the Assistant Attorney General of the Lands Division from 1961 to 1965, and as Deputy Attorney General from 1965 to 1967.

In 1967, President Johnson nominated him to be Attorney General of the United States, he was confirmed by congress and took the oath of office March 2,. There is speculation that Johnson made the appointment on the expectation that Clark's father, Associate Justice Tom C. Clark, would resign from the Supreme Court to avoid a conflict of interest. Johnson wanted a vacancy to be created on the Court so he could appoint Thurgood Marshall, the first African American justice. The elder Clark resigned from the Supreme Court on June 12, 1967, creating the vacancy Johnson desired.

Clark served as Attorney General until Johnson's term as President ended on January 20, 1969.

Clark played an important role in the history of the American Civil Rights movement. During his years at the Justice Department, he
*supervised the federal presence at Ole Miss during the week following the admission of James Meredith;
*surveyed all school districts in the South desegregating under court order (1963);
*supervised federal enforcement of the court order protecting the march from Selma to Montgomery; and
*headed the Presidential task force to Watts following the riots.
*supervised the drafting and executive role in passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and Civil Rights Act of 1968.

As Attorney General during part of the Vietnam War, Clark oversaw the prosecution of the "Boston Five" for “conspiracy to aid and abet draft resistance.” Four of the five were convicted, including pediatrician Dr. Benjamin Spock and Yale chaplain William Sloane Coffin Jr.

In addition to his government work, during this period Clark was also director of the American Judicature Society (in 1963) and national president of the Federal Bar Association in 1964–65.

International activism

Following his term as Attorney General he worked as a law professor and was active in the anti–Vietnam War movement. He visited North Vietnam in 1972 as a protest to the bombing of Hanoi. He was also associated with the New York law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison before resigning to run for political office.

In 1974 he was the Democratic Party's candidate for the United States Senate from New York, losing to Jacob Javits. In 1976, Clark again sought the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate, but was a distant third in the primary behind Daniel Patrick Moynihan, (the winner), and Congresswoman date=October 2008 denouncing the September 11,terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington D.C. in 2001, he has also strongly opposed any retaliation against Afghanistan as well as against Al-QaedaFact|date=October 2008. He has been a strong opponent of the War on Terrorism in Afghanistan and the rest of the world from the very beginning.

In 1991, Clark accused the administration of President George H. W. Bush and "others to be named" of "crimes against peace, war crimes" and "crimes against humanity" for its conduct of the Gulf War against Iraq and the ensuing sanctions; [ [http://deoxy.org/wc/wc-index.htm War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq to the Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal] , by Ramsey Clark and others] in 1996, he added the charges of genocide and the "use of a weapon of mass destruction". [The Wisdom Fund, [http://www.twf.org/News/Y1997/Ramsey.html "Former US Attorney General Charges US, British and UN Leaders"] , November 20, 1996] Similarly, after the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ramsey charged and "tried" NATO on 19 counts and issued calles for its dissolution. [CJPY, [http://www.justiceyugoslavia.org/warcrmnl.html "NATO found guilty", June 10, 2000] ]

Clark drew criticism for defending some of the worst dictators of the last 25 years, such as Saddam Hussein, Radovan Karadzic and Bernard Coard. [ [http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/06/21/clark/ Salon News | Ramsey Clark, the war criminal's best friend ] ]

Clark is affiliated with VoteToImpeach, an organization advocating the impeachment of George W. Bush. He has been an opponent of both 1991 and 2003 Persian Gulf War conflicts. "Impeachment is the most important issue facing Constitutional government in the United States. Impeachment will determine whether the American people will hold the Bush administration accountable for its High Crimes and Misdemeanors". [ [http://www.impeachbush.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5115&security=1&news_iv_ctrl=1041 "High Crimes"] , ImpeachBush.org] Clark is the founder of the International Action Center. It holds significant overlapping membership with the Workers' World Party. [Kevin Coogan, "The International Action Center: 'Peace Activists' with a Secret Agenda," "Hit List", November/December 2001.] Clark and the IAC helped found the protest organization A.N.S.W.E.R. (Act Now to Stop War and End Racism). [Coogan, "The International Action Center," "Hit List", Nov/Dec 2001.]

Ramsey Clark has been criticized for some of the people he agreed to defend; this criticism has been exacerbated by some statements Clark has made in defense of his clients. [John B. Judis, "The Strange Case of Ramsey Clark," "The New Republic", April 22, 1991, pp. 23-29.]

In 2004 Clark joined a panel of about 20 prominent Arab and one other non-Arab lawyer to defend Saddam Hussein in his trial before the Iraqi Special Tribunal. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4132505.stm "US rebel joins Saddam legal team"] , news.bbc.co.uk, Dec. 29, 2004] Clark appeared before the Iraqi Special Tribunal in late November 2005 arguing "that it failed to respect basic human rights and was illegal because it was formed as a consequence of the United States' illegal war of aggression against the people of Iraq." [ [http://international-lawyers.org/cases.aspx "Arguments for Removal of Case to UN (in English & Arabic)"] ] Clark said that unless the trial was seen as "absolutely fair", it would "divide rather than reconcile Iraq". [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4498102.stm "Chaos mars Saddam court hearing"] , news.bbc.co.uk, Dec. 5, 2005] Christopher Hitchens claimed that Clark was admitting Hussein's guilt when Clark reportedly stated in a 2005 BBC interview: "He [Saddam] had this huge war going on, and you have to act firmly when you have an assassination attempt". [ [http://www.slate.com/id/2131405 "Sticking up for Saddam"] , Slate.com]

Clark was not alone in criticizing the Iraqi Special Tribunal's trial of Saddam Hussein, which drew intense criticism from international human rights organizations. Human Rights Watch called Saddam's trial a "missed opportunity" and a "deeply flawed trial" [ [http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/12/29/iraq14946.htm "Iraq's Shallow Justice"] Human Rights Watch, Dec. 29, 2006] ^, [ [http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/12/30/iraq14950.htm "Hanging After Flawed Trial Undermines Rule of Law"] Human Rights Watch, Dec. 30, 2006] and the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention found the trial to be unfair and to violate basic international human rights law. [ [http://international-lawyers.org/cases.aspx "Final Opinion of UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention"] ] Among the irregularities cited by HRW, were that proceedings were marked by frequent outbursts by both judges and defendants, that three defense lawyers were murdered, that the original chief judge was replaced, that important documents were not given to defense lawyers in advance, that paperwork was lost, and that the judges made asides that pre-judged Saddam Hussein. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6163938.stm "Saddam trial 'flawed and unsound'"] news.bbc.co.uk, Nov. 20, 2006] One of those outburst occurred when Clark was ejected from the trial after passing the judge a memorandum stating that the trial was making "a mockery of justice". The Chief Judge Raouf Abdul Rahman shouted at Clark, "No, you are the mockery... get him out, out". [ [http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/world/iraq/20061105-0225-iraq-saddam-clark.html] , San Diego Union Tribune, Nov. 5, 2006]

On March 18, 2006, Clark attended the funeral of Slobodan Milošević. He declared: "History will prove Milošević was right. Charges are just that, charges. The trial did not have facts." He compared the trials of Slobodan Milošević and Saddam Hussein, stating: "both trials are marred with injustice, both are flawed." He also described Slobodan Milošević and Saddam Hussein as " [b] oth commanders" who "were courageous enough to fight more powerful countries." [ [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C03%5C19%5Cstory_19-3-2006_pg4_11] Daily Times of Pakistan, Mar. 19, 2006]

On September 1, 2007, in New York, Clark, 79, called for detained Filipino Jose Maria Sison’s release and pledged assistance by joining the latter’s legal defense team headed by Jan Fermon. Clark doubted Dutch authorities’ "validity and competency," since the murder charges originated in the Philippines and had already been dismissed by the country's Supreme Court. [ [http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=86051 Inquirer.net, Ex-US attorney general calls for Joma release] ]

Clark has also described the War on Terrorism as a war against Islam. [http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/17/stories/2007121754781100.htm]

In November 2007, Clark visited Nandigram in India [ [http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/30/stories/2007113060360100.htm Ramsey Clark visits Nandigram] ] [ [http://www.iacboston.org/india/1207-nandigram-says-no.html Nandigram says 'No!' to Dow's chemical hub] ] where conflict between state government forces and villagers resulted in the death of at least 14 villagers.cite web |title=NHRC sends notice to Chief Secretary, West Bengal, on Nandigram incidents: investigation team of the Commission to visit the area|url=http://nhrc.nic.in/dispArchive.asp?fno=1499] cite web |title=CPM cadres kill 3 in Nandigram|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=1cfd3f6f-48d6-45b3-b223-f0d38d473d80&MatchID1=4626&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1165&MatchID2=4632&TeamID3=5&TeamID4=10&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1167&PrimaryID=4626&Headline=CPM+cadres+kill+3+in+Nandigram]

Former Attorney General and peace and social justice activist for his commitment to civil rights, his opposition to war and military spending and his dedication to providing legal representation to the peace movement, particularly, his efforts to free Leonard Peltier. He was awarded the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience on October 15, 1992. [ [http://www.peaceabbey.org/awards/cocrecipientlist.html The Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Recipients List ] ]

In August, 2006, Clark spoke at an International Islamic Conference for Peace and Awareness in Baltimore, Maryland, which critics described as a "propaganda" conference involving the holocaust denial group Institute for Historical Review in alliance with Islamic extremists. Clark's address focused on the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. [http://www.adl.org/main_Anti_Israel/jamaat_baltimore_conference.htm] .

Notable clients

As a lawyer, he has also provided legal counsel and advice to several notable figures, including:
*Nazi concentration camp commandant Karl Linnas
*Nazi War criminal "Jack Reimer" (war criminal), charged in the killings of Jews in Warsaw.
*The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws Advisory Board during late 1970s and early 1980s
*Branch Davidian leader David Koresh
*FMLN activist Jennifer Casolo
*Antiwar activist Father Philip Berrigan and the Harrisburg Seven
*Political figure Lyndon Larouche
*American Indian prisoner Leonard Peltier
*Attended the "Crimes of America" conference in Tehran in 1980
*Liberian political figure Charles G. Taylor during his 1985 fight against extradition from the United States to Liberia
*Elizaphan Ntakirutimana, a leader in the Rwandan genocide
*Palestinian Liberation Organization leaders in a lawsuit brought by the family of Leon Klinghoffer.
*Camilo Mejia, a US soldier who deserted his post in March 2004 in protest against the US war against Iraq.
*Defense attorney for three killers of Officer Bruce Prothero, Baltimore County (Maryland) Police Department.
*Radovan Karadžić, accused Yugoslav war criminal.
*Slobodan Milošević, former president of Yugoslavia, accused war criminal
*Saddam Hussein, former president of Iraq and convicted war criminal
*Lori Berenson, an American convicted of support of the MRTA guerrilla in Peru
*Joe "Mad Dog" Sullivan, a contract killer.

Notes

External links

* [http://www.usdoj.gov/jmd/ls/agbiographies.htm#clark2 Biography] from the Department of Justice website.
* [http://www.iacenter.org/ International Action Center] Founded by Ramsey Clark.
* [http://www.icdsm.org International Committee to Defend Slobodan Milošević] Co-founded by Ramsey Clark.
* [http://www.thesunmagazine.org/bully.html "Neighborhood Bully: Ramsey Clark on American Militarism] , interview by Derrick Jensen. Online posting. "The Sun" (no date).
* [http://www.jewishworldreview.com/michelle/malkin012302.asp "Opinion: Ramsey Clark's bloody resume,"] by Michelle Malkin. Online posting. "Townhall" January 24, 2002.
* [http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/624/profile.htm "Profile: Ramsey Clark: A Voice of Reason."] Online posting. "Al-Ahram Weekly" 2003.
* [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/11388BFC-9290-4141-B0E1-BEA75A1B20F8.htm "Ramsey Clark to defend Saddam] ." Online posting. Aljazeera December 29, 2004. July 1, 2006.
* [http://emperors-clothes.com/ramsey/ramsey4.htm How Ramsey Clark Championed Baltic Nazi War Criminals]
* [http://archive.salon.com/news/feature/1999/06/21/clark/ "Ramsey Clark, the War Criminal's Best Friend] ," by Ian Williams. Online posting. Salon.com June 21, 1999.
* [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9579343/ Transcript of "Meet the Press"] October 9, 2005. Includes a "Meet the Press" Minute" about Ramsey Clark , Clark's father, former US Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark, former President Lyndon Baines Johnson, and former US Supreme Court Chief Justice Thurgood Marshall. Online posting. October 9, 2005. October 13, 2005.
* [http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/ClarkR/ClarkR.asp Transcript of Ramsey Clark's Oral History Interview] , by Harri Baker. Online posting. Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum. October 30, 1968. April 3, 2005. (Pdf files.)
* [http://www.names-search.org/people/Ramsey-Clark.php Ramsey Clark footnotes] Includes interview with Ramsey Clark.
* [http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0124-26.htm "Why I'm Willing To Defend Hussein"] , a January 24,2005 LA Times commentary by Clark
* [http://shadow.autono.net/sin001/clark.htm "The Mysterious Ramsey Clark"] , 1999, The Shadow
* [http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/2008/01/28/john-mccain-prisoner-of-war-a-first-person-account.html?PageNr=1 "John McCain, Prisoner of War: A First-Person Account"] includes mention of North Vietnamese reaction to Ramsey Clark's visit during the Vietnam War. "2008, US News & World Report"