Encyclia

Encyclia
Encyclia is also a Greek term for the Codex Encyclius
Encyclia
Encyclia ceratistes
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Laeliinae
Alliance: Cattleya
Genus: Encyclia
Hook.
Type species
Encyclia viridiflora
Hook.
Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2831 (1828)
Species

See List of Encyclia species and hybrids

Encyclia is a genus of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek enkykleomai ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is E.

The epiphytic genus occurs in Florida, Bahamas, West Indies, Mexico and tropical America in forests in lowlands and at altitudes to 1000 m. The distribution of the species is more or less evenly spread throughout this area.

The terminal leaves grow from thickened pseudobulbs. The flowers arise from an apical inflorescence. This genus is pollinated by bees and birds. There are normally eight pollinia, but in some subgroups this is reduced to four.

Taxonomy

Cladistic research has shown that Encyclia sensu stricto is monophyletic. This genus was originally included in Epidendrum until William Jackson Hooker separated it from that genus in 1828.

The genera Euchile, Prosthechea and Dinema were separated from Encyclia, based on a morphological analysis (Higgins, 1997)

The genus Sulpitia Raf. is a synonym of Encyclia.

There are a number of intergeneric hybrids with Encyclia. Most intergeneric hybrids using Encyclia species used the Genus Epidendrum for naming. This has recently changed.

Encyclia tampensis (Lindl.) Small, is the common "Butterfly Orchid" of peninsular Florida. It also occurs in the Bahamas & Cuba. It has an unusual beauty and has proven to be of exceptional value in orchid hybridizing.

List of species

  • Encyclia adenocarpon
  • Encyclia adenocaula
  • Encyclia advena Brade (1935) 2n = 40[1]
  • Encyclia aenicta Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1971.
  • Encyclia alata
  • Encyclia altissima - islas Turks y Caicos
  • Encyclia amanda (Ames) Dressler 1971.
  • Encyclia ambigua (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
  • Encyclia amicta (L.Linden & Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1919
  • Prosthechea apuahuensis (Mansf.) Van den Berg
  • Encyclia aspera (Lindl.) Schltr. 1918
  • Encyclia asperula Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1974
  • Encyclia atrorubens (Rolfe) Schltr. 1918
  • Prosthechea borsiana (Campacci) Campacci
  • Encyclia bracteata (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr. ex Hoehne 1930
  • Encyclia bractescens
  • Encyclia brassavolae (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia candollei (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
  • Encyclia cardimii Pabst 1977
  • Encyclia caycencis Islas Turks y Caicos
  • Encyclia ceratistes (Lindl.) Schltr. 1919
  • Encyclia chapadensis Menez. 1992
  • Encyclia chiapasensis Withner & D.G.Hunt 1994
  • Encyclia chloroleuca (Hooker) Neumann.
  • Encyclia citrina (La Llave & Lex.) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia cochleata (L.) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia cordigera
  • Prosthechea crassilabia (Poepp. & Endl.) Carnevali & I.Ramírez
  • Encyclia cyperifolia (C.Schweinf.) Carnevali & I.Ramírez 1993
  • Encyclia dichroma
  • Encyclia dickinsoniana (Withner) Hamer 1985
  • Encyclia diota (Lindl.) Schltr. 1918
  • Encyclia diurna (Jacq.) Schltr. 1919
  • Encyclia domingensis
  • Encyclia dressleriana
  • Encyclia duveenii
  • Encyclia edithiana L.C.Menezes 1996
  • Encyclia ellegantula Dressler
  • Encyclia expansa (Rchb.f. ) P.Ortiz 1991
  • Prosthechea faresiana (Bicalho) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia flabellifera Hoehne & Schltr. 1926
  • Encyclia flava (Lindl.) Porto & Brade 1935
  • Encyclia fowliei
  • Encyclia fragrans (Sw.) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia fucata (Lindl.) Britton & Millsp. 1920
  • Encyclia gallopavina (Rchb.f.) Porto & Brade 1986
  • Encyclia glumacea
  • Encyclia gracilis (Lindl.) Schltr. 1915
  • Encyclia granitica
  • Encyclia guatemalensis [Klotzsch] Dressler & Pollard 1971
  • Prosthechea greenwoodiana (Aguirre-Olav.) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia hanburii (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
  • Encyclia howardii
  • Encyclia inaguensis - Islas Turks y Caicos
  • Encyclia incumbens
  • Encyclia ionosma (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914.
  • Encyclia isochila (Rchb.f.) Dod 1986
  • Encyclia kautzkii (Pabst) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia kennedyi (Fowlie & Withner) Hágsater 1973.
  • Encyclia kingsii (C.D.Adams) Nir 1994.
  • Encyclia kundergraeberi V.P.Castro & Campacci 1998.
  • Encyclia jauana (Carnevali & I.Ramírez) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia lancifolia
  • Encyclia lindenii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia longifolia (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr. 1914
  • Encyclia lorata Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1974
  • Encyclia macdougali
  • Encyclia mariae (Ames) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia megahybos (Schltr.) Dodson & Hágsater
  • E. megalantha (Barb.Rodr.) Porto & Brade (1935) 2n = 40[1]
  • Encyclia meliosma (Rchb.f.) Schltr. (1918)
  • Encyclia microbulbon
  • Encyclia microtos (Rchb. f.) Hoehne (1952)
  • Encyclia moojenii (Pabst) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia mooreana (Rolfe) Schltr. (1914)
  • Encyclia naranjapatensis Dodson (1977)
  • Encyclia nematocaulon (A.Rich.) Acuña (1939)
  • Encyclia neurosa (Ames) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia ochracea ( Lindl. ) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia oestlundii (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) Hágsater & Stermitz (1983)
  • Encyclia oncidioides (Lindl.) Schltr. (1914)
  • Encyclia ortgiesii
  • Encyclia osmantha (Barb.Rodr.) Schltr. (1914)
  • Encyclia ovulum
  • Encyclia parviflora (Regel) Withner 1998
  • Encyclia pastoris (Lex.) Espejo & López-Ferr.
  • Encyclia patens Hook. 1830
  • Encyclia pauciflora (Barb.Rodr. ) C.Porto & Brade 1935
  • Encyclia phoeicea
  • Encyclia phoenicea
  • Encyclia plicata Britton & Millsp. 1920
  • Encyclia pollardiana (Withner) Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1971
  • Encyclia polybulbon (Swartz) Dressler 1961
  • Encyclia powellii
  • Encyclia profusa (Rolfe) Dressler & Pollard 1971
  • Encyclia punctifera (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia pygmaea (Hook.) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia pyriformis (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914.
  • Encyclia randiana Linden & Rodg. Withner 2000
  • Encyclia randii
  • Encyclia remotiflora
  • Encyclia replicata
  • Encyclia rufa Islas Turks y Caicos
  • Encyclia seidelii Pabst 1976
  • Encyclia selligera (Bateman ex Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
  • Encyclia sintenisii
  • Encyclia spatella (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1924
  • Encyclia spiritusanctensis L.C.Menezes 1991
  • Encyclia stellata
  • Encyclia suaveolens Dressler 1971
  • Encyclia subulatifolia (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler 1961
  • Encyclia suzanensis (Hoehne) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia tampensis
  • Prosthechea tardiflora Mora-Ret. ex Pupulin
  • Encyclia trachycarpa
  • Encyclia triangulifera (Rchb. f.) Acuña 1939.
  • Encyclia truncata
  • Encyclia unaensis
  • Encyclia varicosa (Bateman) W.E.Higgins
  • Encyclia wageneri
  • Encyclia withneri
  • Encyclia xipheres
  • Encyclia xuxiana
  • Encyclia yauaperyensis (Barb.Rodr.) Porto & Brade 1935

References

  1. ^ a b page 251 of Leonardo P. Felix and Marcelo Guerra: "Variation in chromosome number and the basic number of subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)" Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163(2010)234-278. The Linnean Society of London. downloaded October 2010 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01059.x/pdf
  • Wesley E. Higgins, Cássio van den Berg, and W. Mark Whitten A Combined Molecular Phylogeny of Encyclia (Orchidaceae) and Relationships within Laeliinae Selbyana Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 165–179.
  • Withner, Carl Leslie (2000). The South American Encyclia species. The Cattleyas and Their Relatives. 6. Timber Press. ISBN 0881924369. 

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