Savernake Forest

Savernake Forest, located between Marlborough and Hungerford in the English county of Wiltshire, is privately owned by the Trustees of Savernake Estate, the Earl of Cardigan and his family solicitor. It extends to some 4,500 acres (18 km²), and is the only privately owned forest in Great Britain. Guardianship of the forest has now largely passed via lease to the Forestry Commission.

History

No one can say how old Savernake Forest is. It cannot be less than 1,000 years old, as it is referred to in a Saxon charter from King Athelstan in 934 AD, being called "Safernoc".

It is certainly older than the other great forest of southern England, the New Forest, which was only planted over a century later by the Normans, and whose name reminds us that it is younger than ancient Savernake.

Since it was put into the care of Richard Esturmy, one of the victorious knights who fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, Savernake Forest has passed down from father to son (or daughter, on four occasions) in an unbroken line for 31 generations, never once being bought or sold in a thousand years, and today it is the only forest in Britain still in private hands.

The high-water mark of the Savernake Estate's fortunes was undoubtedly in Tudor times. The head of the family (Sir John Seymour) was used to welcoming King Henry VIII to the forest, where the king was very keen on deer-hunting. King Henry stayed at Savernake shortly after the execution of Queen Anne Boleyn in 1536, and his eye was then taken by his host's daughter, Jane. They were subsequently married, and Jane Seymour was crowned Queen just months later, causing the head of the family at Savernake to suddenly find himself father-in-law to Henry VIII.

Jane died in childbirth, and after marrying again, Henry himself died a few years later. So it fell to Jane's brother Edward Seymour to leave his estate of Savernake Forest in 1547 and to go up to Hampton Court, where for the next five years with the title 'Lord Protector' he was King of England in all but name, while his late sister's young child Edward VI grew old enough to reign alone.

Several private farms have been carved from Savernake Forest through the years, including Levett's Farm (1649), Culley's Farm (1649),and Compton's Farm. [ [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=23049 Savernake, A History of the County of Wilshire, D.A. Crowley, 1999, Victoria County History, British History Online] ] Levett's Farm was owned by William Levett (sometimes spelled Levet) of Swindon, Wiltshire, a courtier to King Charles I and descendant of a Sussex family. [ [http://books.google.com/books?id=2H6gpNM-yFcC&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=%22william+levet%22+marlborough&source=web&ots=fp8sW3-NcA&sig=7Ljio0r-ePPVY38LlZlu2G_OfqQ William Levett, Savernake near Marlborough, A Bibliography of the King's Book, or Eikon Basilike, Edward Almack, 1896] ] By 1685, Levett's residence was given as "West Lodge, Savernake Parke," although Levett sometimes rented the Goddard mansion in Swindon and owned other property at Manton.

The other high point was in the 1740s. The head of the family at that time (Lord Thomas Bruce) made a great success of himself, and had risen at Court to be Governor to the young King George IV. The Bruce Tunnel which carries the Kennet and Avon Canal under the forest is named after him. He employed Lancelot 'Capability' Brown to plant great beech avenues in Savernake Forest, which was then some 40,000 acres (160 km²), nearly ten times its present size. These included the Grand Avenue, running through the heart of the forest, and which at 3.9 miles (6.3 km) dead straight stands in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest avenue in Britain.

The Cardigan title is famous for the brave efforts of the 7th Earl, James who led the disastrous Charge of the Light Brigade in 1854, remembered in Tennyson's famous poem. James however had no children and the title passed to the then 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury, making him the 8th Earl, and on to the current family. The present Marquess is the 14th Earl of Cardigan, however the title is used by his son as a courtesy title.

References

External links

* [http://www.savernakeestate.co.uk/ Savernake Estate]
* [http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/Recreation.nsf/LUWebDocsByKey/EnglandWiltshireSavernake Forestry Commission page]
* [http://history.wiltshire.gov.uk/archives/archive_search.php?subject_in=ESTATE%20PAPERS/Valuations Wiltshire Archives: Levett's freehold estate in Savernake Forest]