John J. Cornwell

Infobox Governor
name= John J. Cornwell


caption=
order=15^th
office= Governor of West Virginia
term_start= 1917
term_end= 1921
predecessor= Henry D. Hatfield
successor= Ephraim F. Morgan
birth_date= birth date|1867|7|11|mf=y
birth_place= Pennsboro, West Virginia
death_date= death date and age|1953|9|8|1867|7|11|mf=y
death_place= Cumberland, Maryland
spouse=
profession= Politician
party= Democrat
religion=
footnotes=

John Jacob Cornwell (July 11, 1867–September 8, 1953) was a Democrat politician from Romney in Hampshire County, West Virginia. Cornwell served as the fifteenth (1917-1921) Governor of the U.S. State of West Virginia. Cornwell also served in the West Virginia Senate as a senator (1899-1905).

Background

John Jacob Cornwell was born on a farm near the community of Pennsboro in Ritchie County, and when he was three years old in 1870, his family moved to Hampshire County in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. Cornwell attended Shepherd College in Shepherdstown at the age of sixteen and became a school teacher upon graduating in Hampshire County.

In 1890, Cornwell and his brother, William B. Cornwell, acquired the Romney Hampshire Review and assumed the roles of publishers and editors of the newspaper. In 1897, Cornwell and his brother bought out the competing paper, the South Branch Intelligencer, adding its name and 1829 founding date to the Review's masthead. Cornwell was admitted to the bar in 1898 and served as a state senator from 1899 to 1905. Cornwell was defeated in his first gubernatorial bid by William Mercer Owens Dawson in 1904, but was elected governor in 1916, took office in March of 1917, and served until 1921. In 1917, Cornwell became the only Democrat to serve as governor in a thirty-six year span between 1897 and 1933. In fact, Cornwell was the only Democrat elected to a statewide office in 1916.

One month after Cornwell took office as governor, the United States entered World War I and due in part to his efforts, the state of West Virginia had one of the highest percentages of volunteers of any state. Also during his term, the state reached an agreement on a public debt figure owed to Virginia since West Virginia's statehood in 1863. Cornwell advocated strengthening the mining code, the creation of a state board of education, and the establishment of the West Virginia Department of Public Safety, now officially known as the West Virginia State Police.

Cornwell's term was not unmblemished, however, and was marked by growing labor unrest in the coal industry of southern West Virginia. Cornwell discouraged an armed miners' march in 1919 by assuring them he would address the miners' grievances. His failure to handle the situation led to increased violence, including the infamous shootout between miners and coal company guards in Matewan, Mingo County.

After leaving office in 1921, John J. Cornwell served as a director and general counsel for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. Upon retirement, he lived at his home on Main Street in Romney. Cornwell contracted pneumonia in the summer of 1953 and died at Cumberland Memorial Hospital in Cumberland, Maryland on September 8, 1953. He is interred with his wife and son in Romney's Indian Mound Cemetery. Cornwell descendants continue to run the Hampshire Review today.

John J. Cornwell Elementary School in Levels is named for him because of his background in and strong support of education in the state of West Virginia.

External links

* [http://www.wvculture.org/history/cornwell.html Biography of John J. Cornwell]
* [http://www.wvculture.org/history/cornwellia.html Inaugural Address of John J. Cornwell]
* [http://www.hampshirereview.com/ The Hampshire Review]