Flag of Quebec

The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé, was adopted for the province by the government of Quebec, during the administration of Maurice Duplessis. It was the first provincial flag officially adopted in Canada, first shown on January 21, 1948, at the Parliament Building in Quebec City. Quebec's Flag Day–January 21–commemorates its adoption each year, though for some time it was celebrated in May. [ [http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&file=/D_12_1/D12_1.HTM "Flag and emblems of Québec, An Act respecting the", R.S.Q. c. D-12.1] ] At least one parade marked the flag's 60th anniversary in January 2008. [Motor parade through the streets of Quebec City. CTV Newsnet broadcast, Jan. 20, 2008.]

Symbolism

The "Fleurdelisé" takes its white cross from the ancient royal flags of France and its white fleurs-de-lis and blue field from a banner honouring the Virgin Mary reputedly carried by French-Canadian militia at General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm's victory at Carillon (now Ticonderoga, New York). Contrary to popular belief, the "fleurs-de-lis" are not taken from the banner of the kings of France, who used golden "fleurs-de-lis". The white "fleurs-de-lis" on Quebec's flag are symbols of purity, which originally represented the Virgin Mary.

The flag is blazoned "Azure, a cross between four fleurs-de-lis argent".

Protocol

The flag's official ratio is 2:3 (width to length), but the flag is very often seen as a 1:2 variant to match the flag of Canada in size when flying together.

The Act concerning the flag and emblems of Quebec states that "in all cases, the flag of Quebec has precedence over any other flag or emblem." [ [http://www.canlii.org/qc/laws/sta/d-12.1/20061117/whole.html "Flag and emblems of Québec, An Act respecting the", R.S.Q. c. D-12.1] ] Presumably, this would include the flag of Canada, which, under federal protocol, takes precedence when both are flown. Conflict is often avoided by flying the Quebec flag alone, especially on provincial buildings. [Federal protocol gives precedence to the Canadian flag over provincial ones, and to the flags of the Governor General, 10 Lieutenant Governors and some 24 members of the British-based royal family over the Canadian flag, when they are present at a specific location. [http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/etiquette/2_e.cfm] ]

History

.

The direct predecessor of the modern "Fleurdelisé" was created by Elphège Filiatrault, a parish priest in Saint-Jude, Quebec. Called the "Carillon", it resembled the modern flag except that the "fleurs-de-lis" were at the corners pointing inward. It was based on an earlier flag with no cross and with the figure of the Virgin Mary in the centre.

The "Carillon" flag was first raised on September 26, 1902, and is preserved in the Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec archives. Another version, with the Sacred Heart in the centre, also appeared, but was left behind in the push for a new provincial flag after World War II. The "Carillon" flags were used informally.

On May 26, 1868, Queen Victoria approved Quebec's first coat of arms. A flag might have been devised by using the arms to deface a blue ensign (a Union Flag in the canton, and the Quebec coat of arms in the fly). However, it appears to have never been used — various sources including the official Quebec government site [ [http://www.drapeau.gouv.qc.ca/drapeau/histoire/fleurdelise.html Le drapeau national - Histoire ] ] mention that it was the Union Flag that flew over the Parliament Building until January 21, 1948, not the blue ensign. In addition, in 1938, at the opening of a mining school in Val-d'Or, the flag used to represent the Quebec government was a banner of arms. This was done at the behest of public servant Burroughs Pelletier, who had been told that the Ministry wanted a symbol but were unsure as to what should be used.

In 1947, an independent member of the Legislative Assembly, René Chaloult, demanded a new provincial flag to displace the unpopular Canadian Red Ensign and replace the unpopular and largely unused Quebec blue ensign in the province. Various ideas were discussed between Chaloult, Lionel Groulx, and Duplessis. One such idea involved incorporating a red maple leaf (later to be adopted for the flag of Canada). Burroughs Pelletier was also asked to present a few projects to Duplessis, none of which were adopted. He was however asked to give advice as to what he thought about what became the current design.

On January 21, 1948, the new flag was adopted and was flown over the Parliament Building that very afternoon. Apparently, it was the "Carillon" flag that flew that day, because the modern "Fleurdelisé" (with the "fleurs-de-lis" repositioned upright to their modern configuration in correspondence with the rules of heraldry) was not available until February 2. [Bouvier, Luc. " [http://pages.infinit.net/cerame/heraldicamerica/etudes/drapeaux.htm Histoire des drapeaux québécois: du tricolore canadien au fleurdelisé québécois] ", in [http://pages.infinit.net/cerame/heraldicamerica/ "HeraldicAmerica"] , retrieved May 19, 2008]

The flag was adopted by Royal Proclamation, and the news was presented to the Legislative Assembly more or less as a "fait accompli". Opposition leader Adélard Godbout expressed his approval, as did René Chaloult. A law governing the usage of the flag was later officially adopted by the legislature on March 9, 1950. A more recent version of such a law was adopted in 2002.

A 2001 survey by the North American Vexillological Association ranked the "Fleurdelisé" as the best provincial or territorial flag, and the third-best of the flags of all U.S. and Canadian provinces, territories, and states. [ [http://www.nava.org/Flag%20Design/State&Provincial%20Survey%202001/surveyresults.htm North American Vexillological Association 2001 survey] ]

The flag of Quebec was the basis for the jerseys of the Quebec Nordiques, which included the same colour blue, the fleur-de-lis, and white stripes.

See also

*Flag
*Coat of Arms of Quebec
*Symbols of Quebec
*Timeline of Quebec history
*List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols

Notes

References

In English

* ANQ. " [http://www.canlii.org///qc/laws/sta/d-12.1/20080515/whole.html An Act respecting the Flag and emblems of Québec] ", in "CanLII". Federation of Law Societies of Canada, Updated to 1 May 2008
* MRIQ. " [http://www.mri.gouv.qc.ca/en/informer/protocole/pavoisement/drapeau.asp Québec flag protocol] ", in the site of the "Ministère des Relations internationales", 2006
* Fraser, Alistair B. " [http://fraser.cc/FlagsCan/Provinces/Quebec.html Chapter XV: Quebec] ", in [http://fraser.cc/FlagsCan/ "The Flags of Canada"] , January 30, 1998

In French

* Gouvernement du Québec. " [http://www.drapeau.gouv.qc.ca/drapeau/histoire/fleurdelise.html Le fleurdelisé : reflet de notre histoire en Amérique] ", in the site "Drapeau et symboles nationaux" of the Government of Québec, updated on January 14, 2008
* Bouvier, Luc. " [http://pages.infinit.net/cerame/heraldicamerica/etudes/drapeaux.htm Histoire des drapeaux québécois: du tricolore canadien au fleurdelisé québécois] ", in [http://pages.infinit.net/cerame/heraldicamerica/ "HeraldicAmerica"] (first published in "l'Héraldique au Canada" in 1994 and "L'Action nationale" in 1996)
* Tremblay, Joël and Gaudreau, Serge. " [http://bilan.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/pages/evenements/890.html 21 janvier 1948 - Adoption par l'Assemblée législative du fleurdelisé comme drapeau officiel du Québec] ", in [http://bilan.usherbrooke.ca/ "Bilan du siècle"] , Université de Sherbrooke, May 18, 2005
* Bureau de normalisation du Québec (2004). "Drapeau du Québec", Sainte-Foy: Bureau de normalisation du Québec, 24 pages
* Gouvernement du Québec (1998). "Le cinquantième anniversaire du fleurdelisé", Québec: Commission de la Capitale nationale du Québec, 23 pages
* Bizier, Hélène-Andrée, Paulette, Claude, "Fleur de lys : d'hier à aujourd'hui", Montréal : Art global, 1997, 152 pages
* Robitaille, René (August 1983). "Le Drapeau de Carillon réalité historique ou légende", Québec: Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Québec, 34 pages
* Archambault, Jacques et Lévesque, Eugénie, "Le Drapeau québécois", Québec: Éditeur officiel du Québec, 1974, 78 pages
* BnQ (1973). "Bibliographie sur le drapeau du Québec : le fleurdelysé", Bibliothèque nationale du Québec (Centre bibliographique)
* Magnan, Charles-Joseph (1939). " [http://www4.banq.qc.ca/numtexte/57664.pdf Le Carillon-Sacré-Coeur, drapeau national des Canadiens français] ", Québec : l'Action catholique, 44 pages (edition digitized by the BAnQ)

External links

* [http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/ca-qchis.html Flag History of Quebec]
* [http://flagspot.net/flags/ca-qc!02.html Proposals for a flag of Quebec, 1900–1902]
* [http://flagspot.net/flags/ca-qc!04.html Proposals for a flag of Quebec, 1903–1904] Various versions of the "Carillon" flag