Cereal leaf beetle

Cereal Leaf Beetle
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Chrysomelidae
Subfamily:	Criocerinae
Genus:	Oulema
Species:	O. melanopus
Binomial name
Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758)

The cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus or Lema melanopa) is a coleopter, belonging to the family of Chrysomelidae, and an agricultural pest and biological control success story. The beetle is mostly blue-black in color, with an area of deep red just behind the head. The legs are dull orange.

Overview

The most common host plants of the cereal leaf beetle are barley, oats, and wheat, but they are also found on rye, millet, rice, many types of wild grasses, and new corn shoots. The beetle has a history as a major crop pest in Europe, Asia, and parts of north Africa, but serious eradication efforts did not begin until the pest began to destroy oat fields in the United States in the 1960s. Insecticides were used without success, but when natural enemies of the beetle were discovered, imported, and released in affected fields, the cereal leaf beetle came under control.

The cereal leaf beetle overwinters in fields of wild grasses, and as the weather warms in the spring, it enters cultivated fields and deposits eggs. The larvae emerge and cover themselves with their own excreta to mimic the droppings of birds or other insects. They usually appear as shiny, wet lumps adhered to the surface of leaves. They gorge on the plants, then drop off and pupate in the soil for about three weeks, emerging full-grown to continue feeding on the plants. Both adults and larvae prefer young plant shoots or areas of new growth on established plants. Damage from cereal leaf beetles is apparent when the tips of leaves turn white and the leaves develop white stripes or slits where the beetle has consumed a strip. A field with extensive damage will look frosted or whitewashed.

Parasitoids successfully employed against the cereal leaf beetle as agents of biological control include the parasitic wasps Diaparsis carinifer, Lemophagus curtus, and Tetrastichus julis, which attack larvae, and Anaphes flavipes, which is an egg parasitoid. Coccinellidae eat the eggs and larvae.

External links

Media related to Oulema melanopus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Oulema melanopus at Wikispecies

• Canadian Food Inspection Agency Info Sheet
• USDA Pest Assessment Report