Roundhay Park

Infobox park
park=Roundhay Park

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image size=
caption= Map sign, Roundhay Park
type= Parkland, woodland, gardens
location= Leeds, West Yorkshire, England
coordinates= coord|53|50|30|N|1|29|33|W|display=inline,title
size= 700 acres (2.8 km²)
opened=1872
operator= Leeds City Council
annual visitors= |status= Open all year

Roundhay Park in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, is one of the biggest city parks in Europe. It has over 700 acres (2.8 km²) of parkland, lakes, woodland and gardens which are owned by Leeds City Council. The park is one of the most popular attractions in Leeds, nearly a million people visit each year. It is situated on the north-east edge of the city, bordered by the suburb of Roundhay to the west and Oakwood to the south.

History of Roundhay Park

Originally, Roundhay Park was a hunting park for the De Lacy family during the 13th Century. William the Conqueror granted the estate to Ilbert De Lacy for his loyalty to the king. The estate was purchased by Thomas Nicholson in 1803. In 1811 John Clarke began to design the mansion, which took a total of 15 years to build. In 1871, the estate was purchased by John Barran, and eventually purchased by the council from Barran, and given to the people of Leeds as a Park. At the time Roundhay was over 3 miles away from Leeds and the council was unable to purchase such a large tract of land without an Act of Parliament, which was obtained. George Corson, a major Leeds architect, won the competition for the landscaping of the park. Other parts of the Park were sold as building plots which helped to reimburse the council and Barran for their outlay. Prince Arthur officially re-opened the park as a public estate in 1872 in front of 100,000 people. In 1891 the first public electric tram with overhead power (trolley system) in Britain was inaugurated, linking the city centre with Roundhay Park. The tram terminus is now a car park, but some of the trolley poles are still there.

Locations

Tropical World

A set of glasshouses with areas representing different climates from around the world, with the largest collection of tropical plants in the UK outside of Kew Gardens. It includes a butterfly house and aquariums. There are many birds and some reptiles living free inside, and many other animals in enclosures. A nocturnal house has creatures such as bats who are active at night. Tropical World is within the Canal Gardens, and separated by Street Lane from the main area of the park. In July 2008 it was renamed "The Arnold and Marjorie Ziff Tropical World". Arnold Ziff gave £30,000 towards the launch of Tropical World. [ [http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/Leeds-park39s-tropical-attraction-renamed.4318398.jp "Yorkshire Evening Post" 24 July 2008 page 9] "Tropical World renamed in honour of Ziffs"]

Canal Gardens

There are three main parts to this. Firstly a grassed area of mature trees (which are decorated with lights around Christmas). Secondly, flower gardens along a rectangular lake with arches so that it resembles (but is not actually) part of a canal, hence the name. Thirdly, a walled garden (originally a vegetable garden for the Mansion House) which contains a major collection of roses, and provides the entrance to Tropical World. The Canal Gardens are to the west of the main area of the park, separated from it by Prince's Avenue.

Monet Garden

This is a path leading to the Alhambra garden, planted 1999 in homage to Claude Monet's painting of his garden path at Giverny (1902). It leads north from Mansion Lane, to the north of the main area of the park.

Alhambra Garden

This is an area with a central rectangular pond with fountains, inspired by a similar water feature at the Generalife in the Alhambra in Spain. It is to the north of Mansion Lane, north of the main area of the park.

oldiers' Field

So called because it was the gathering place for troops in the First World War. Huge playing fields next to the park which have hosted many large-scale annual events such as Leeds Mela, and the Love Parade.

Arena

An amphitheatre overlooked by Hill 60, which was so named to commemorate Leeds soldiers who died in First World War battles around Hill 60 near Ypres. [ [http://www.forp.co.uk/newsletter-july-2006/newsletter-july-2006.pdf "Friends of Roundhay Park Newsletter" July 2006] ] This was the location of concerts by the Rolling Stones, Michael Jackson, Simple Minds, Bruce Springsteen, Madonna, Genesis, Robbie Williams and U2, famously in 1997 with Cast as support. In Summer it is used as a cricket pitch.

The Castle

A folly built in 1812 by local master builder George Nettleton [ [http://homepage.ntlworld.com/nev.hurworth/ShortHistoryOfRoundhay.htm A Short History of Roundhay] ] to give the appearance of a castle gate. It originally had a wooden roof and was used for social functions such as dinners.

Upper Lake

The smaller of the two lakes, featuring impressive fountains.

Waterloo Lake

Constructed by soldiers who had returned from the Napoleonic wars and thus named after the Battle of Waterloo. They were unemployed, so Thomas Nicholson provided work and income to landscape a former quarry. It took two years to build, was 60 feet (19 m) deep and covers 33 acres. [1967 J. Dickinson & G. Webster "A History of St John's Church Roundhay"] It was originally used for boating, and for a period there were trips around it in a steamboat called the "Maid of Athens". In 1900 this was replaced by an electric launch, the "Mary Gordon", which operated until 1923. [ [http://www.marygordon.org.uk/marygordon.htm Mary Gordon] ,] A cafe was constructed above the boathouse. It is now used for fishing. The lower part ends in a dam which was once a waterfall but is now a steep grassy bank.

Mansion House

The Mansion House is a large stone two- and three-storey house in Greek Revival style with a view over the Upper Lake built from 1811 to 1826. It was built for Thomas Nicholson and his wife Elizabeth, who took up residence in 1816. It had three carriage houses and stabling for 17 horses. It was bought by the City of Leeds in 1871. [ [http://www.forp.co.uk/documents/newslettermay2005/forpmay2005-p4.pdf Friends of Roundhay Park Newsletter, May 2003] ] It was leased out by the Council as a hotel and restaurant, being a popular place for weddings, receptions and dances until its closure in 2004 for renovation, with a view to conversion into Council offices. This caused some controversy and opposition. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/3649141.stm BBC News 23 April 2004] ] In November 2007 the rear wings of the building were opened again after an £8 million refurbishment as an Education and Visitor Centre and offices for park staff. In September 2008 Leeds city council announced Leeds based Dine catering would be reopening the cafe and function rooms from summer 2009. [cite web
url = http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/localnews/Park-centre-shows-8m-new.3518330.jp
title = Park centre shows £8m new face
accessdate = 2008-01-02
author = Joanne Ginley
date = 2007-11-23
publisher = Yorkshire Post] [cite web|url = http://www.roundhaytoday.co.uk/news/Roundhay-Park-Mansion-Celebrations-on.4455531.jp
title = Roundhay Park Mansion: Celebrations on the menu
publisher = Johnston Press Digital Publishing
work = Roundhay Today
accessdate = 2008-09-04]

Other Parts

The Friends Garden (meaning the [http://www.forp.co.uk/ Friends of Roundhay Park] ) is a secluded one off the rose garden of Canal Gardens.

There are gardens for blind people with scented plants and braille inscriptions.

There is a golf course and tennis courts, as well as the use of Soldiers Field and the Arena for sports events.

Information

*At the South end of Waterloo Lake is a dam. In 1907 an open-air swimming pool was constructed below it. It was known as a lido and was particularly popular in the 1950s but was closed and filled in during the 1970s. The area is now a car park, still signposted 'Lido'.
*Aviation pioneer Robert Blackburn conducted test flights of his aircraft in 1909 and later established a small airport here.
*In 1976, Peter Sutcliffe (or the Yorkshire Ripper) attempted the murder of Marcella Claxton and a year later murdered Irene Richardson at Roundhay Park.
*In June 2005, two teenagers drowned in Waterloo Lake. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/west_yorkshire/4621901.stm BBC News Saturday, 25 June, 2005] ]
*In January 2007, The Lakeside Café was extensively damaged by fire. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/6305433.stm BBC News Saturday, 27 January 2007] ] Following complete renovation including a new roof, it has reopened. [ [http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/Cheers--all-round-.4192367.jp "Yorkshire Evening Post" 17 June 2008] "Cheers all round as lake cafe re-opens"]

*Each bonfire night a firework display is held at Roundhay park with people gathering there from all around Leeds to stand by the fire and watch.
*A £1 dotto train links the Mansion House with the Lakeside Cafe and Children's Play Area.
*The park is accessed by First Leeds services 2 and 12 (Red and Blue lines).

References

External links

* [http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Leisure_and_culture/Parks_and_open_spaces/Parks_and_open_spaces__general_information/page.aspx?pageID=6b270bed-3836-4225-9912-e513412e9891 Roundhay park on leeds.gov.uk]
* [http://www.roundhaypark.org.uk Roundhay Park Leeds] The Roundhay Park website includes maps and virtual tours of the Park, Canal Gardens and Tropical World.
* [http://www.forp.co.uk/pdfs/roundhay_park_map.pdf Map of Roundhay Park]
* [http://www.forp.co.uk/ Friends of Roundhay Park]