- Severyn Nalyvaiko
Infobox_President | name=Severyn Nalyvaiko
nationality=
order=Hetman of Ukraine
term_start= 1596
term_end= 1596
predecessor=Hryhory Loboda
successor=Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny
birth_date=
birth_place=Ostroh ,Ukraine
death_date= death date|1597|4|21|df=y
death_place=Warsaw ,Poland
spouse=
brothers=
political party=
religion=
Severyn Nalyvaiko ( _uk. Северин Наливайко, _pl. Semen Nalewajko) (d. April 21, 1597) was a leader of the Ukrainian
Cossacks who became a hero of Ukrainian folklore. TheDecembrist poet Kondraty Ryleyev wrote a poem about him.Biography
Nalyvaiko was born in the town of
Ostroh into apriest 's family and served under Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich Ostrogsky in the Lithuanian army. In 1593 he fought against the rebelliousZaporozhian Cossacks led byKrzysztof Kosiński during theKosiński Uprising , however upon his father's assassination by one of Polish noblemen he switched sides, eventually becoming the leader of theNalyvaiko Uprising .In 1594 Severyn joined a band of Cossacks who raided several Moldavian and Hungarian towns. The following year, Nalivaiko's Cossacks were joined by many run-away Ukrainian peasants and captured the town of
Lutsk where his men massacred Polish nobility, Catholic clergy and local Greek-Catholics. FromVolhynia Nalivaiko's Cossacks moved intoBelarus , where they pillaged Mogilev.Nalivaiko eventually offered peace to the Polish kingSigismund III Vasa , conditioned that that the Poles cede the lands betweenSouthern Buh andDniester rivers south ofBratslav to the Cossacks in exchange for their military service and loyalty to thePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . Having refused these terms, the king recalledStanisław Żółkiewski from Moldavia to quell the Nalivaiko uprising, which had engulfed most of Polish crown lands inUkraine andBelarus (that time calledRuthenia ) by 1596. Nalivaiko joined his forces with the CossackHetman Hryhory Loboda (Polish: Hryhor Łoboda) but was forced to retreat to theLeft-bank Ukraine . In May of 1596 the Cossack tabor was surrounded by Poles near the town ofLubny . The Cossacks fought for two weeks before running out of food and water. Thereupon they handed over Severyn Nalivaiko to the Poles in exchange for their own lives, only to be treacherously slaughtered by the Poles immediatedly after Nalivaiko's surrender. The Ukrainian national hero was brought toWarsaw in a cage and publicly quartered. The popular stories about his being crowned with a white-hot iron crown or boiled alive in a copper cauldron are not verified by factual evidence.See also
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