- Thomas Quellinus
Thomas Quellinus, also known, especially in
Denmark , as Thomas Qvellinus, (March 1661 – September 1709), was a Flemishbaroque sculptor who worked mainly inCopenhagen ,Denmark . He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monument andepitaph s, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’sSchleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are characteristically dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.He was a member of the well-known
Quellinus family of artists from 17th centuryAntwerp , major center of artistic life then known as "the Florence of the North".Early life and training
Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to
Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised onMarch 17 ,1661 . He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpturing. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brotherArtus Quellinus III . While in England he married Anna Maria Cocques (Cooques). He remained there until at least January 1688.Career in northern Europe
He was already a respected artist when he came to Denmark at the end of the 1680s to oversee the numerous Scandinavian commissions received in his father’s studio. He arrived in 1689, and supervised the work on the
tomb designed by his father forField Marshal Hans Schack (1609-76) in Trinity Church ("Trinitatiskirke"), Copenhagen.In short time he gained a considerable independent reputation as a sculptor in
Northern Europe . The commission to create the Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve monument in Our Lady Church ("Vor Frue Kirke "), Copenhagen in August 1689 was the catalyst to his extended stay and successful career in Denmark.Due to the volume and scope of work he produced, starting in 1689 he ran a workshop in
Lübeck , specialized in funerary monuments for Danish and north German patrons. In his workshop he had many students, apprentices and helpers, mainly sculptors from Flanders; among themJust Wiedewelt (father of sculptorJohannes Wiedewelt ,Abraham Breusegem Emanuel Cuekelaere , and probablyAndreas Gercken . In order to simply production he was known to have imported some partially carved pieces, especially architectural pieces, from the Netherlands.Although he was very successful with pivate commissions, not much of his work came from the royal court. And although he was arguably the land’s leading sculptor, he was never named sculpture to the royal court. Up until 1697 he lived in
Aabenraa , and then he acquired residential property on Norgesgade, now known as Bredgade, in Copenhagen.Assistants Breusegem and Cuekelaere executed the sculptures for the altar at Our Saviour’s Church ("Vor Frelsers Kirke"), Copenhagen according to Quellinus’s sketch in 1697.
On
October 6 ,1701 Quellinus was one of a group of respected artists to send a petition to King Frederick IV requesting approval for the formation of an artist society and teaching academy. The others wereHendrick Krock ,Wilchen Riboldt ,Jacob Coning ,Otto de Willarts , andGeorg Saleman -- all royal artists in service to the court. This was the humble beginning to the formation of theRoyal Danish Academy of Art ("Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi") many years later.After 1701 he regularly visited Antwerp, and was in Belgium in 1704. He received citizenship in Copenhagen as a sculptor on
December 12 ,1703 , along with royal permission to run a commercial enterprise selling lace from Brabant.He returned permanently to Antwerp in 1707, and became a master in the city’s
Guild of St Luke .He died in Antwerp, and was buried on
September 7 ,1709 . His widow, Anna Marie, survived him, and it is believed that she continued his workshop’s production for some years with a couple of assistants. She also continued until 1711 the commercial enterprise selling lace.Aftermath
Much of his work has not survived to this day, or has been partially destroyed by either fire, war, or the general ravages of time. This includes the Schack tomb at Trinity Church, which originally brought Quellinus to Denmark, which was already partially destroyed in the
Copenhagen Fire of 1728 .His almost seventeen years in Denmark had a significant impact on the development of Danish sculpture, and especially memorial sculpture. Many of the following generation’s best sculptors were his students.
Other works
* The baroque high
altar (1697) in Lübeck’s St. Mary's Church called the "Fredenhagen-altar" after its donator, Lübeck merchant Thomas Fredenhagen. The altar was destroyed during theWorld War II bomb raid on Lübeck, and fragments of the altar were stored.. There have been discussions, as to whether it should be rebuilt. A bust of Fredenhagen is in Lübeck’sSt. Annen Museum , along with the model of the altar.
* The tomb for Prince BishopAugust Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp , and the tomb chapel for the Danish chancellor Johann Hugo von Lente' (1640–1716) in theLübeck Cathedral ("Lübeck Dom")
* The tomb and chapel for the noble von Brockdorff family in 'Kletkamp Manor' in Nüchel Church ("Kirchnüchel") nearPlön inHolstein , Quellinus’s last major work
* Thesarcophagus for Danish ChancellorConrad von Reventlow in theSchleswig Cathedral ("Schleswig Dom")
* The memorials for Axel Urup, Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve and Cort Adeler in Our Lady Church ("Vor Frue Kirke"), Copenhagen
* The memorial for Niels Rosenkrantz (d. 1676) in Nicholas Church ("Nicolai Kirke"),
* The memorials for Constantin Marselis-Casius-Rodstun in Aarhus Cathedral ("Aarhus Domkirke "),Aarhus , Denmark (1702–1704)
* The monuments for Thomas Kingo inSlangerup and onFunen
* Two of the five marble busts, those of Christian Albrecht and of Duke Frederik IV in Schleswig Cathedral are presumed, with good reason, to be the work of Quellinus
* Sculptures for the gardens atFrederiksborg Palace
* Sculptures for Christian Albrecht’s Gottorp CastleReferences
* [http://www.kid.dk/ KID Kunst Index Danmark ("Art Index Denmark")]
* [http://runeberg.org/dbl/ Danish Biographical Encyclopedia ("Dansk biografisk Leksikion")]
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