William Temple (governor)

Infobox Officeholder
honorific-prefix =
name = William Temple
honorific-suffix =


imagesize =
small

office = U.S. Representative from Delaware
term_start = March 4 1863
term_end = May 28 1863
predecessor = George P. Fisher
successor = Nathaniel B. Smithers
office2 = Governor of Delaware
term_start2 = May 6 1846
term_end2 = January 19 1847
predecessor2 = Joseph Maull
successor2 = William Tharp
birth_date = birth date|1814|2|28|mf=y
birth_place = Queen Anne's Co., Maryland
death_date = death date and age|1863|5|28|1814|2|28
death_place = Smyrna, Delaware
spouse = Sarah Ann Ringgold
party = Whig
Democratic
residence = Smyrna, Delaware
alma_mater =
occupation = merchant
profession =
religion = Episcopalian

William Temple (February 28 1814 – May 28 1863) was an American merchant and politician from Smyrna, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party, and later the Democratic Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as Governor of Delaware, and as U.S. Representative from Delaware.

Early Life and Family

Temple was born February 28 1814 in Queen Anne's County, Maryland, the son of George Temple. At the age of 18 he moved to Smyrna, Delaware and began his work as a merchant there. He married Sarah Ann Ringgold in 1838 and they had three children, Sarah Louisa, Emma Frances, and William George. Both his daughters died as infants, and his wife, Sarah, died in 1851 at 33 years of age. It is believed they lived at the northeast corner of Main and Mt. Vernon Streets and were members of St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Smyrna.

Delaware politics

Throughout the 19th century Delaware politics was characterized by a conservative down state, agrarian and small business majority, in opposition to a Wilmington based industrialist minority. This majority was lead into the Whig Party by John M. Clayton, but when that party broke up over the issue of slavery, generally moved over to a conservative Democratic Party. As the sectional issues intensified with the coming of the Civil War, this majority became impossibly conflicted between its certain loyalty to the Union and its equally certain view that decisions about property, including slaves, belonged with the states. The result was first an effort by many to find a non-existent middle ground, and then, with a much diminished majority, entry into constant and bitter conflict with the Republican minority centered in Wilmington and supported by the Federal government.

Governor of Delaware

As a successful and popular conservative businessman, Temple reflected the majority views well. He was elected, at a young age, to the State House, and to its leadership in his first term, serving in the 1845/46 session as its Speaker. After the successive deaths in office of the elected Governor, Thomas Stockton, and his constitutional successor, the Speaker of the State Senate, Joseph Maull, Temple surprisingly became Governor himself on May 6 1846, the third Governor in two years. At 32 years of age, he was the youngest Delaware Governor ever and only served the remainder of the term, until January 19 1847. No sooner had he inherited the job than he received a call to raise troops for the Mexican-American War, then just beginning. Much of his short tenure was spent on this task.

{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center"
-bgcolor=#cccccc!colspan=12 style="background: #ccccff;" |Delaware General Assembly
"(sessions while Governor)"
-!Year!Assembly!!Senate Majority!Speaker!!House Majority!Speaker
-
1845-1846
63rd|
Party shading/Whig |Whig
Party shading/Whig |vacant|
Party shading/Whig |Whig
Party shading/Whig |vacant
-
###@@@KEYEND@@@###

Civil War

Following his time as Governor, he was elected to the Delaware Senate and served in three sessions, from the 1849/50 session through the 1853/54 session. With the demise of the Whig Party, he was too conservative to support the agenda of Stephen A. Douglas, but too fearful of disunion to support the Republican Party or the eventual candidacy of John C. Breckenridge. In the election of 1860 he sought the elusive middle ground, and was one of the Delaware leaders of the short lived Constitutional Union Party. This party supported the right of each state to decide the slavery question, but argued that somehow that right could be preserved within the Union.

After the election of Abraham Lincoln and the secession of the Confederate states, Temple took a position opposing the enforced restoration of the Union, and joined the Democratic Party. After presiding over a futile "Peace Convention" in Dover in June 1861, he became the Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in the hotly contested and controversial 1862 election. His opponent was the incumbent Republican George P. Fisher, who had served as Secretary of State when Temple was Governor. Now Fisher was convinced that there were various schemes being planned to prevent a legitimate election. Accordingly, he requested that Abraham Lincoln leave the Delaware troops in the U.S. Army home until after the election, and that he send additional Federal troops to supervise the polls on election day. The Democrats were outraged and managed to narrowly elect Temple and a majority in the General Assembly, although losing the Governorship. While officially a member of the U.S. House from March 4 1863, Temple died before the December convening of the House, and consequently never actually served. In a subsequent special election, Republican Nathaniel B. Smithers won the seat due to a Democratic Party boycott of the election in protest of the continuing presence of Federal troops at the polling places.

Death and Legacy

Temple died May 28 1863 at Smyrna, Delaware and is buried at the St. Peter's Episcopal Church Cemetery there. The grave was unmarked until 1979 when a stone was placed where he is believed to be buried. His grandson, William G. Temple, was an ordained priest in the Roman Catholic Church and was the first priest at St. Elizabeth's Parish in Wilmington. An obituary reads:

"He was emphatically a man of the world, possessing those rare qualities calculated to win every man and repel none. Frank, generous, familiar and courteous, he possessed the key to unlock the hearts of men and blend their interests with his in the prosecution of the public interest. Certainly he was a very pure minded, honorable man, a man of soul and feeling, a friend of all and a great help to many in times of need." [History of the State of Delaware, Conrad, Henry C., p. 840]

Almanac

Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1st. Members of the Delaware General Assembly took office the first Tuesday of January. State Senators have a four year term and State Representatives have a two year term. The Governor takes office the third Tuesday of January and has a four year term. U.S. Representatives took office March 4th and have a two year term.

{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center"
-bgcolor=#cccccc!colspan=7 style="background: #ccccff;" | Public Offices
-! Office! Type! Location! Elected! Took Office! Left Office! notes
-Party shading/Anti-Jacksonian
State Representative
Legislature
Dover
1844
January 7 1845
May 6 1846|
-Party shading/Anti-Jacksonian
Governor
Executive
Dover|
May 6 1846
January 19 1847
acting
-Party shading/Anti-Jacksonian
State Senator
Legislature
Dover
1848
January 2 1849
January 4 1853|
-Party shading/Anti-Jacksonian
State Senator
Legislature
Dover
1852
January 4 1853
January 2 1855|
-Party shading/Anti-Masonic
U.S. Representative
Legislature
Washington
1862
March 4 1863
May 28 1863|
###@@@KEYEND@@@###

{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center"
-bgcolor=#cccccc!colspan=7 style="background: #ccccff;" |Delaware General Assembly "service"
-! Dates! Assembly! Chamber! Majority! Governor! Committees! District
-Party shading/Whig
1845-1846
63rd
State House
Whig
Thomas Stockton
Speaker
Kent "at-large"
-Party shading/Whig
1849-1850
65th
State Senate
Whig
William Tharp|
Kent "at-large"
-Party shading/Whig
1851-1852
66th
State Senate
Whig
William H. H. Ross|
Kent "at-large"
-Party shading/Whig
1853-1854
67th
State Senate
Whig
William H. H. Ross|
Kent "at-large"
###@@@KEYEND@@@###

{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center"
-bgcolor=#cccccc!colspan=7 style="background: #ccccff;" |United States Congressional "service"
-! Dates! Congress! Chamber! Majority! President! Committees! Class/District
-Party shading/Republican
1863-1864
38th
U.S. House
Republican
Abraham Lincoln|
"at-large"
###@@@KEYEND@@@###

{|class=wikitable style="width: 94%" style="text-align: center;" align="center"
-bgcolor=#cccccc!colspan=12 style="background: #ccccff;" |Election results
-!Year!Office!!Subject!Party!Votes!%!!Opponent!Party!Votes!%
-
1862
U.S. Representative|
Party shading/Democratic |William Temple
Party shading/Democratic | Democratic
Party shading/Democratic |8,051
Party shading/Democratic |50%|
Party shading/Republican |George P. Fisher
Party shading/Republican |Republican
Party shading/Republican |8,014
Party shading/Republican |50%
###@@@KEYEND@@@###

Notes

References

*cite book |title = History of the State of Delaware |last= Conrad |first= Henry C. |coauthors= |work= |publisher= Wickersham Company |location= Lancaster, Pennsylvania |pages= |year= 1908 |id=
*cite book |title= Delaware During the Civil War|last= Hancock |first= Harold Bell |coauthors= |work= |publisher= Historical Society of Delaware|location= Wilmington, Delaware |pages= |year= 1961 |id= ISBN 0-924117-24-9
*cite book |title= A History of Delaware Through its Governors |last= Martin |first= Roger A. |coauthors= |work= |publisher= McClafferty Press |location= Wilmington, Delaware |pages= |year= 1984 |id=
*cite book |title= Memoirs of the Senate |last= Martin |first= Roger A. |coauthors= |work= |publisher= Roger A. Martin |location= Newark, Delaware |pages= |year= 1995 |id=
*cite book |title= Delawareans in Congress|last= Martin |first= Roger A. |coauthors= |work= |publisher= Roger A. Martin|location= Middletown, Delaware |pages= |year= 2003 |id= ISBN 0-924117-26-5
*cite book |title= History of Delaware 1609-1888. 2 vols |last= Scharf |first= John Thomas |coauthors= |work= |publisher= L. J. Richards & Co |location= Philadelphia |pages= |year= 1888 |id= ISBN 0-87413-493-5
*cite book |title= Forgotten Heroes of Delaware |last= Wilson |first= Emerson. |coauthors= |work= |publisher= Deltos Publishing Company |location= Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=p. 129|year= 1969 |id=

=

* [http://www.state.de.us/research/Tour/information/Governors/govs-14.shtml Hall of Governors Portrait Gallery ] "Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover."

External links

* [http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=925b224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD William Temple at the "Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States"]
*CongBio|T000120
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/temple.html#R9M0JEYAJ William Temple at the "Political Graveyard"]
*Find A Grave|id=7097474
* [http://www.russpickett.com/history/delgov2.htm#temple William Temple at "Delaware’s Governors"]

Places with more information

* [http://www.hsd.org/ Historical Society of Delaware] , 505 Market St., Wilmington, Delaware [phone]
* [http://www.lib.udel.edu/ University of Delaware Library] , 181 South College Ave., Newark, Delaware [phone]