Wachusett Dam

Infobox_Dam
dam_name= Wachusett Dam


caption= Wachusett Dam at Clinton
official_name= Wachusett Reservoir Dam
crosses= Nashua River
reservoir= Wachusett Reservoir
locale= Clinton
maint= MWRA
length= 965 ft
height= 205 ft
width=
began= 1901
open= 1905
closed=
coordinates= coord|42|24|13|N|71|41|16|W|region:US_type:landmark
lat=
long=
extra=The Wachusett Dam in Clinton, Massachusetts impounds the Nashua River creating the Wachusett Reservoir. Construction started in 1901 and was completed in 1905. It is part of the Nashua River Watershed.

This dam is part of greater Boston's water system, maintained and controlled by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA). Its discharge is into the Nashua River. When it was completed in 1905, the Wachusett Reservoir was the largest public water supply reservoir in the world. [ [http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/04water/html/hist4.htm History: Wachusett ] ] At that time, the Wachusett Reservoir Dam was the largest gravity dam in the world as well.

Construction

The building of the Wachusett Dam and Reservoir at the turn of the century changed the town of Clinton forever. The Metropolitan Water Board selected the south branch of the Nashua River in Clinton as the best site for Boston's new water supply.

Churches, factories, homes, and schools within the valley had to be knocked down or moved. Roads and rail lines had to be relocated; a railroad tunnel and trestle had to be built in order to relocate the Central Massachusetts Rail Line, and over four thousand bodies had to be dug up and moved in the local Catholic cemetery. The project brought thousands of immigrants to the area for work. It proved to be one of the most amazing engineering feats in history. It is still considered the largest "hand dug" dam in the world today.

Early problems

A static liquefaction flow failure occurred in the upstream slope of the North Dike of Wachusett Dam near Clinton, Massachusetts on April 11, 1907 during the first reservoir filling. The fine sands of the upstream dike shell liquefied and flowed approximately 100 meters horizontally into the reservoir. This caused many Clinton residents considerable concern. However, the project’s Chief Engineer, Frank E. Winsor, assured the townsfolk that everything was okay. This event remains controversial. At least one engineering study claims that the initial failure is a precursor to the dam’s future failure. However, it has now stood for over one-hundred years.

Gallery

External links

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* [http://erp-web.er.usgs.gov/reports/annsum/vol46/ep/04hqgr0076.pdf USGS]