Buxted

Infobox UK place
official_name=Buxted
country=England
region=South East England
static_

static_image_caption=Buxted village sign
area_footnotes=cite web |url=http://www.eastsussexinfigures.org.uk/webview/ |title=East Sussex in Figures |accessdate=2008-04-26 |publisher=East Sussex County Council]
area_total_km2 =21.6
population=3,145 (2007)
3,060 2001 Census
population_density= Pop density mi2 to km2|376|precision=0|abbr=yes
os_grid_reference=TQ499234
latitude=50.99
longitude=0.13
post_town=UCKFIELD
postcode_area=TN
postcode_district=TN22
dial_code=01825
constituency_westminster=Wealden
london_distance=convert|37|mi NNW
shire_district=Wealden
shire_county=East Sussex
website=http://buxtedparish.org.uk/

Buxted is a village and civil parish in the Wealden District of East Sussex in England. The parish is situated on the Weald, north of Uckfield; the settlements of Five Ash Down, Heron's Ghyll and High Hurstwood are included within its boundaries. At one time its importance lay in the Wealden iron industry, although its main industrial base today is in the wholesale poultry trade.Fact|date=May 2008 The village has both road and rail links.

History

The origin of the name Buxted comes from the Saxon "Bochs stede" (place of the beeches).

The iron-making industry became a major part of Buxted's early prosperity. [cite web |url=http://www.landguard.com/casting.htm |title=Iron guns 'After the English Fashion' |accessdate=2008-06-06 |last=Slemmings |first=Chris |year=2001 |work=Languard Fort|publisher=Landguard Fort Trust] The first standard blast furnace was called Queenstock and was built in Buxted parish in about 1491. [cite journal|last = Awtry|first = Brian|coauthors = Whittick, Chris|title = The lordship of Canterbury, iron-founding at Buxted, and the continental antecedents of cannon-founding in the Weald|journal = Sussex Archaeological Collections|volume = 140|pages = pp.71–81|publisher = Sussex Archaeological Society|date = 2002|url = http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-285-1/ahds/dissemination/pdf/vol_140/AwtyWhittick.pdf|format = PDF |accessdate = 2008-06-06] The cannon-making industry in the Weald started at a furnace on the stream at Hoggets Farm lying to the north between Buxted and Hadlow Down. The first cast iron cannon made in England was cast in 1543 by Ralf Hogge, an employee of Parson William Levett, a Sussex rector with broad interests, paradoxically enough, in the emerging English armaments industry.

Levett was removed as Buxted's vicar in 1545 by Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury. But thanks to friends in high places, Levett was quickly reinstated. After regaining his clerical position, Levett died a very wealthy man, thanks to his iron mining and smelting operations, originally founded by his brother John Levett, one of the founders of the Sussex iron industry and one of the wealthiest men in Sussex, who controlled 20 Sussex manors at his death in 1535. [cite journal| last = Mousley| first = J. E.| title = The Fortunes of Some Gentry Families of Elizabethan Sussex| journal = The Economic History Review| volume = (New Series) 11| issue = No.3| pages = pp.467–483| publisher = Economic History Society| date = 1959| url = http://www.jstor.org/pss/2591467| accessdate = 2008-06-06 ] The family is of Norman descent and one of the oldest in Sussex. William and John Levett were the sons of a large landowner in the Hollington area of Hastings, Sussex. [cite journal|last = Awtry|first = Brian|title = Parson Levett and English cannon founding|journal = Sussex Archaeological Collections|volume = 127|pages = pp.133–145|publisher = Sussex Archaeological Society|date = 1989] In his lengthy will, parson William Levett left large charitable bequests which he directed be supervised by his friend Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu.

The manor house, known as Buxted Park, was purchased by the then Prime Minister, the Earl of Liverpool, in the early part of the 19th century. He set about extending the park surrounding the house, and eventually coerced the villagers to vacate their own houses to enable him to do so. The village (although not the church) was cleared away and the village then took up its present location. [ [http://thesussexweald.org/P5.asp?PId=4955Buxted Old views and maps of Buxted] ] By 1836 the entire original village centre was no more, having been relocated to the site it occupies today. Some of the outlying houses pre-date this move, such as Britts, a 17th-century farmhouse, which still stands. The original manor house was built further down the hill next to the railway where Queen Victoria once visited - the house being the Chequers of its day. The original house burnt down in the latter part of the 19th century and was rebuilt in its present location.

Geography

The parish of Buxted lies partly within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, although the village itself is outside it. Tributaries of both the Rivers Rother (flowing eastward) and Cuckmere flow through the parish, and were used by the iron industry for power. It is largely a rural parish, although the original Britts farmland is now largely covered by modern houses along Britts Farm Road, constructed in the 1980s.

The parish contains an area of Site of Special Scientific Interest—Buxted Park, an old deer park which is very important for the conservation of invertebrates. [cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/special/sssi/sssi_details.cfm?sssi_id=1003493 |title=Natural England - SSSI |accessdate=2008-06-01|publisher=English Nature] Buxted Park is now a country house hotel, owned by Hand Picked Hotels.

The wholesale Buxted Chickens had a factory in Buxted as well as one in Five Ash Down, Buxted Chickens was the idea of Antony Fisher, who went on to found the Institute of Economic Affairs. The Buxted brand is now owned by [http://www.gcfg.com Grampian Country Food Group] . The Buxted site closed down in the 1980s and is now owned by the Woodland Trust. [cite web |url=http://www.wt-woods.org.uk/littlewoodeastsussex/description.asp |title=Woods Directory –Littlewood, Buxted |accessdate=2008-09-27|publisher=The Woodland Trust]

Religion

The original parish church, St Margaret the Queen, is located in Buxted park and was built in 1250. [cite web |url=http://www.cofebhd.org.uk/stmargaret/index.php?id=2 |title=St Margaret's Church, Buxted |accessdate=2008-06-08 |publisher=The United Benefice of Buxted and Hadlow Down] Its dedication is to Saint Margaret of Scotland. Other churches in the parish include St Mary the Virgin, consecrated 1887, Buxted Methodist Church, built 1907 and Holy Trinity Church in High Hurstwood. [cite web|url=http://buxtedparish.org.uk/churches.htm|title=Churches|accessdate=2008-06-08|publisher=Buxted Parish Council]

Governance

The lowest level of government is the Buxted parish council which meets once a month. The parish council is responsible for local amenities such as the provision of litter bins, bus shelters and allotments. They also provide a voice into the district council meetings. For elections, the parish is divided into two wards, Buxted (ten seats) and High Hurstwood Ward (five seats). The May 2007 election was uncontested, with the High Hurstwood ward only having two candidates. [cite web |url=http://www.wealden.gov.uk/council/electionsonline/parishcouncilresults.aspx?ParishID=36 |title=Results for Buxted Parish Council |accessdate=2008-06-07 |publisher=Wealden District Council |date= 2007-05-03]

Wealden District council provides the next level of government with services such as refuse collection, planning consent, leisure amenities and council tax collection. Buxted lies within the Buxted and Maresfield ward, which provides two councillors. The May 2007 election returned two Conservatives councillors.

East Sussex county council is the third tier of government, providing education, libraries and highway maintenance. Buxted falls within the Buxted Maresfield district. Tony Reid, Conservative, was elected in the May 2005 election with 63.2% of the vote.

The UK Parliament constituency for Buxted is Wealden. The conservative Charles Hendry was re-elected in the May 2005 election.

At European level, Buxted is represented by the South-East region, which holds ten seats in the European Parliament. The June 2004 election returned four Conservatives, two Liberal Democrats, two UK Independence, one Labour and one Green, none of whom live in East Sussex. [cite web |url=http://www.europarl.org.uk/uk_meps/MembersMain.htm |title=UK MEP's |accessdate=2007-01-25 |publisher=UK Office of the European Parliament]

Transport

The A272 cross-country road passes through the village from west to east; it connects with the A22 and A26 roads about a mile (1.6 km) to the west.

Buxted railway station lies on the Oxted Line between Uckfield and Crowborough. This line used to continue beyond Uckfield to Lewes and the South Coast but was closed in 1969. The line serves London at (London Bridge railway station) via East Croydon.

References

External links

*dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/East_Sussex/Buxted/
* [http://www.roughwood.net/ChurchAlbum/EastSussex/Buxted/BuxtedStMargaret2003.htm St. Margaret the Queen, Buxted church, built in 1250]