Ovarian follicle atresia

Ovarian follicle atresia

Ovarian follicle atresia is the periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Typically around 20 follicles mature each month and only a single follicle is ovulated. The rest undergo atresia. That single dominant follicle becomes a corpus luteum following ovulation.[1][2][3][4]

Atresia is a hormonally controlled apoptotic process[5] that depends dominantly on granulosa cell apoptosis.

To date, at least five cell-death ligand-receptor systems have been reported in granulosa cells to play a role in atresia regulation [6][7][3]. They are:

  • tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and receptors
  • Fas ligand and receptors[2]
  • TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; also called APO-2) and receptors
  • APO-3 ligand and receptors
  • PFG-5 ligand and receptors

In addition, two intracellular inhibitor proteins, cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein short form (cFLIPS) and long form (cFLIPL), which were strongly expressed in granulosa cells, may act as anti-apoptotic factors.

It has been proposed that enhanced levels of Nitrogen oxide in rats can prevent atresia of the ovarian follicle, and depressed levels have the opposite effect.[8]

References

  1. ^ Rolaki A, Drakakis P, Millingos S, Loutradis D, Makrigiannakis A (July 2005). "Novel trends in follicular development, atresia and corpus luteum regression: a role for apoptosis". Reprod. Biomed. Online 11 (1): 93–103. doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61304-1. PMID 16102296. http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=1472-6483&volume=11&issue=1&spage=93&aulast=Rolaki. 
  2. ^ a b Manabe N, Matsuda-Minehata F, Goto Y, et al (July 2008). "Role of cell death ligand and receptor system on regulation of follicular atresia in pig ovaries". Reprod. Domest. Anim.. 43 Suppl 2: 268–72. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01172.x. PMID 18638134. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0936-6768&date=2008&volume=43&issue=&spage=268. 
  3. ^ a b Manabe N, Goto Y, Matsuda-Minehata F, et al (October 2004). "Regulation mechanism of selective atresia in porcine follicles: regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis during atresia" (– Scholar search). J. Reprod. Dev. 50 (5): 493–514. doi:10.1262/jrd.50.493. PMID 15514456. http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/jrd/50.493?from=PubMed. [dead link]
  4. ^ Hsueh AJ, Billig H, Tsafriri A (December 1994). "Ovarian follicle atresia: a hormonally controlled apoptotic process". Endocr. Rev. 15 (6): 707–24. PMID 7705278. http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7705278. 
  5. ^ Kaipia A, Hsueh AJ (1997). "Regulation of ovarian follicle atresia". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 59 (1): 349–63. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.349. PMID 9074768. http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.349?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 
  6. ^ Matsuda-Minehata F, Goto Y, Inoue N, Manabe N (October 2005). "Changes in expression of anti-apoptotic protein, cFLIP, in granulosa cells during follicular atresia in porcine ovaries". Mol. Reprod. Dev. 72 (2): 145–51. doi:10.1002/mrd.20349. PMID 16010689. 
  7. ^ Matsuda F, Inoue N, Goto Y, et al (October 2008). "cFLIP regulates death receptor-mediated apoptosis in an ovarian granulosa cell line by inhibiting procaspase-8 cleavage" (– Scholar search). J. Reprod. Dev. 54 (5): 314–20. doi:10.1262/jrd.20051. PMID 18603835. http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/jrd/20051?from=PubMed. [dead link]
  8. ^ Najati V, Ilkhanipour M, Salehi S, Sadeghi-Hashjin G (January 2008). "Role of nitric oxide on the generation of atretic follicles in the rat ovaries". Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 11 (2): 250–4. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2008.250.254. PMID 18817198. 



Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Atresia — is a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent. Examples of atresia include:* Anorectal atresia malformation of the opening between the rectum and anus. * Aural atresia (see Microtia) a congenital… …   Wikipedia

  • Atresia — Absence of a normal opening or failure of a structure to be tubular. Atresia can affect many structures in the body, including: {{}}Anal atresia congenital absence of a hole at the bottom end of the intestine. Also called imperforate anus. Aortic …   Medical dictionary

  • atresia — noun Etymology: New Latin, from 2a + Greek trēsis perforation, from tetrainein to pierce more at throw Date: circa 1807 1. absence or closure of a natural passage of the body 2. absence or disappearance of an …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Ovarian reserve — Model of ovarian reserve from conception to the menopause Ovarian reserve is a term that is used to determine the capacity of the ovary to provide eggs that are capable of fertilization resulting in a healthy and successful pregnancy. While there …   Wikipedia

  • follicular atresia — atresia folliculi degeneration and resorption of the ovarian follicles in a given menstrual cycle that began maturing but did not become the dominant follicle. See atretic ovarian follicle, under follicle …   Medical dictionary

  • atresia — n. 1) congenital absence or abnormal narrowing of a body opening. See: biliary atresia, duodenal atresia, tricuspid atresia 2) the degenerative process that affects the majority of ovarian follicles. Usually only one Graafian follicle will… …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • In vitro maturation — (IVM) is the technique of letting ovarian follicles mature in vitro.Techniques availableThe abilit of in IVM depends on how mature the follicle already is. There are several stages in folliculogenesis, starting with a primordial follicle, which… …   Wikipedia

  • Folliculogenesis — In biology, folliculogenesis is the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte. Folliculogenesis describes the progression of a number of small primordial follicles into large… …   Wikipedia

  • reproductive system, animal — Introduction       any of the organ systems by which animals reproduce.       The role of reproduction is to provide for the continued existence of a species; it is the process by which living organisms duplicate themselves. Animals compete with… …   Universalium

  • Ovulation — is the process in a female s menstrual cycle by which a mature ovarian follicle ruptures and discharges an ovum (also known as an oocyte, female gamete, or casually, an egg). Ovulation also occurs in the estrous cycle of other female mammals,… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”