Otto Christian Hammer

Otto Christian Hammer
Otto C. Hammer in 1864
Born	22 August 1822(1822-08-22) Hulerød
Died	10 March 1892(1892-03-10) (aged 69) Copenhagen
Allegiance	Denmark
Service/branch	Navy
Years of service	1837-1854, 1864/65
Rank	Commander
Commands held	Flotilla in the North Frisian Islands
Battles/wars	First Schleswig War Second Schleswig War
Awards	Order of the Dannebrog (Commander)
Other work	Customs and lighthouse inspector Fishery and lumber business

Otto Christian Hammer (18 August 1822, Hulerød - 10 March 1892, Copenhagen) was a Danish naval officer who participated in the First Schleswig War and the Second Schleswig War.

Life

Hammer was the son of District Commissioner and Inspector Frederik Abel Hammer (d. 1877) and Elisabeth Kirstine Lemvigh (1794–1849). On 28 February 1851 he wedded Henriette Jacobine Hastrup (b. 3 September 1830 on Hjortholm Castle), daughter of Julianus Jensen Hastrup (1780–1863), squire on Hjortholm from 1823 to 1863, and of Anna Cecilie Høffding (1791–1861).^[1]

In 1837 Hammer joined the Danish Naval Academy as a cadet and was promoted to Sub Lieutenant on 3 August 1843. On an expedition to qualm uprisings in the Danish colonies in Guinea in 1854, he led the expeditionary forces to Fort Prinsensten and negotiated with the locals.^[2]

During the First Schleswig War, Hammer served with a squadron that blocked traffic in the mouth of the river Elbe. In 1850 he became deputy commander of the squadron and operated from Fanø off the Danish west coast. His forces occupied the islands Nordstrand and Pellworm and Hammer took part in the defense of the then Danish towns of Tönning and Friedrichstadt. On 3 August 1851, he was promoted to Lieutenant. After the war he was made a customs and lighthouse inspector at the west coast of the Duchy of Schleswig. Although Hammer quit his naval service in 1854, he was granted the character of a Lieutenant Commander on 17 February 1858.^[2]

At the onset of the Second Schleswig War, Hammer enlisted again and commanded a flotilla of Danish naval units in the North Frisian Islands with his headquarters in Wyk auf Föhr. Initially, he successfully fought off superior Austro-Prussian forces. But when requested reinforcements did not arrive and his opponents were able to capture the island of Sylt and then Föhr, Hammer himself was taken prisoner by Prussian Lieutenant Ernst von Prittwitz und Gaffron on 19 July 1864 in Wyk, and was held captive until August of that year.^[3] His enemies described him as a "Viking who terrorised the land and the people (Land und Leute tyrannisierenden Wikinger)".^[4] while Danish-oriented parts of the population of the islands presented an honorary sabre to him.^[5]

Hammer returned from Austrian captivity in 1856 and took a seat in the Diet of Denmark. At the same time he also quit his public service and established a fishery business. In 1882 he acquired a sizeable sawmill in Sweden.^[5] On 6 April 1889, Hammer was promoted to the character of Commander. Otto C. Hammer died on 10 March 1892.

Publications

Hammer published a book on his experiences in the war of 1864:

• Vesterhavsøernes Forsvar i Aaret 1864 (The Defending of the North Sea Islands in the Year 1864), Copenhagen: 1865.

In 1872 he was awarded a gold medal by the Moscow Scientific Society for a treatise on fishery matters.^[5]

Decorations

• Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog (28 December 1850)
• Silver Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog (3 August 1860)^[6]
• Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog (30 September 1864)

Legacy

• Hammers Trafikskole, "Hammer's Traffic School", in Rødby was named after him.
• In 1975 a Danish patrol boat (P 542) was named Hammer after him.

References

Citations

1. ^ Balsved, Danish Naval History
2. ^ ^{a b} Bricka, Dansk biografisk Lexikon, p. 535
3. ^ "Ergebnis der Suche in den Volltexten" (in German). Provinzial-Correspondenz (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin) 2 (30, 33, 34). http://amtspresse.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/kurzliste.php?sb1=4y&ps=0&s1=Capitain%2Bhammer.  Catalogue search result.
4. ^ Hansen, Christian P.; Reinhold Janus (1998) (in German). Sieben Jahre auf Sylt: Tagebücher des Inselfriesen Christian Peter Hansen (Seven Years on Sylt: Diaries of the Frisian Christian Peter Hansen). Wachholtz. p. 177. ISBN 978-3529022098. http://books.google.com/books?ei=VzzLS46YM4iqnAO0sbjdBA&ct=result&id=HiFoAAAAMAAJ&dq=Tageb%C3%BCcher+des+Inselfriesen+Christian+Peter+Hansen&q=Wikinger#search_anchor. 
5. ^ ^{a b c} Bricka, Dansk biografisk Lexikon, p. 536
6. ^ "Ordenscapitulet" (in Danish). Departementstidenden (Copenhagen: J. Liebe) 3: 733. 1860. http://books.google.com/books?id=hMkoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA733&dq=%22Otto+Christian+Hammer%22#v=onepage&q=%22Otto%20Christian%20Hammer%22&f=false. 

General references

• Bricka, Carl Frederik (1887-1905) (in Danish). Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Project Runeberg. http://runeberg.org/dbl/6/0537.html. 
• "Hammer, O. C.". Danish Naval History. Balsved, Johnny E.. 1 August 2006. http://www.navalhistory.dk/english/theofficers/h/hammer_oc.htm. 

External links

This article incorporates information from this version of the equivalent article on the German Wikipedia.

Persondata
Name	Hammer, Otto C.
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	22 August 1822
Place of birth	Hulerød
Date of death	10 March 1892
Place of death	Copenhagen