Missa (Bach)

A Missa (Mass) of Johann Sebastian Bach is in general a composition of the Latin Mass by the German Baroque composer.

More specifically, Missa (or Missa brevis or Lutheran Mass) refers to one of his four short masses in F major, A major, G minor and G major, BWV 233 to 236. These masses consist of a Kyrie and a Gloria.

Bach's church music in Latin

Bach was a Lutheran church musician and devoted to the composition of sacred music in German. He wrote more than 200 cantatas for the liturgy, most of them in Leipzig. In 1724 he composed a Sanctus for Christmas, which he later integrated into his Mass in B minor. He composed a setting of the Magnificat in 1723, and then significantly revised it in 1733. In 1733 he composed a setting of Kyrie and Gloria for the court of Dresden, which would later form the first parts of his Mass in B minor, his only complete mass (or missa tota). He used three movements of this Gloria to compose his cantata Gloria in excelsis Deo, BWV 191, possibly for a performance in 1745.^[1]

Bach's short masses

Bach wrote four other settings of Kyrie and Gloria, sometimes called Missa brevis (plural: Missae breves). The attribute brevis in this case means short in words, unlike the Missa brevis of the classical period which is short in duration. Sometimes the works are termed Lutheran mass, because the combination of only Kyrie and Gloria was used more frequently in the Lutheran liturgy.

They seem to have been intended for liturgical use, considering a performance time of about 20 minutes each, the average duration of a Bach cantata. They may have been composed around 1738/39.^[2] Possibly they were written for Count Franz Anton von Sporck or performed by him in Lysá.^[3]

Each Missa is in six movements, the Kyrie one choral movement in three sections, the Gloria in five movements. The first and last movement of the Gloria are also choral, framing three arias for different voice types. The music consists mostly of parodies of cantata movements.^[1] He changed the music slightly to adjust to the Latin words, but kept the original instrumentation. The opening chorus of Es wartet alles auf dich, BWV 187, became the final movement of the Missa in G minor, Cum sancto spiritu. Occasionally he switched a voice part, for example he asked for a tenor in the Quoniam of that Missa, a parody of the soprano aria Halt ich nur fest an ihm of that cantata.

The four masses are

• Missa in F major, BWV 233, scored for horns, oboes, bassoon, strings, SATB, basso continuo^[4]
• Missa in A major, BWV 234, scored for flute, strings, SATB, basso continuo
• Missa in G minor, BWV 235, scored for oboes, strings, SATB, basso continuo
• Missa in G major, BWV 236, scored for oboes, strings, SATB, basso continuo

Missa in F major

Movement	Title	for	from (or remark)
1	Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison	Chorus	earlier version: BWV 233a
2	Gloria in excelsis	Chorus
3	Domine Deus	bass	perhaps BWV Anh18[5]
4	Qui tollis	soprano	BWV 102
5	Quoniam	alto	BWV 102
6	Cum sancto Spiritu	Chorus	BWV 40

Missa in A major

Movement	Title	for	from (or remark)
1	Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison	Chorus
2	Gloria in excelsis	Chorus	BWV 67/4
3	Domine Deus	bass
4	Qui tollis	soprano	BWV 179/5
5	Quoniam	alto	BWV 79
6	Cum sancto Spiritu	Chorus	Vivace part: BWV 136 (Opening chorus)

Missa in G minor

Movement	Title	for	from (or remark)
1	Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison	Chorus	BWV 102
2	Gloria in excelsis	Chorus	BWV 72
3	Gratias	bass	BWV 187/4
4	Domine Fili	alto	BWV 187/3
5	Qui tollis – Quoniam	tenor	BWV 187/5
6	Cum sancto Spritu	Chorus	BWV 187

Missa in G major

Movement	Title	for	from (or remark)
1	Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison	Chorus	BWV 179
2	Gloria in excelsis	Chorus	BWV 79
3	Gratias	bass	BWV 138
4	Domine Deus	soprano, alto	BWV 79
5	Quoniam	tenor	BWV 179
6	Cum sancto Spritu	Chorus	BWV 17

Recordings of all Missae breves

• J.S. Bach: Missae Breves, Hans Grischkat, Schwäbischer Singkreis Stuttgart, Ton-Studio Orchestra Stuttgart, Agnes Giebel, Lotte Wolf-Matthäus, Werner Hohmann, Franz Kelch, Renaissance / Baroque Music Club early 1950s?
• J.S. Bach: Masses, Helmuth Rilling, Gächinger Kantorei, Bach-Collegium Stuttgart, Elisabeth Speiser, Ingeborg Ruß, John van Kesteren, Gerhard Faulstich, Jakob Stämpfli, Intercord 1967
• Bach: Messen BWV 233-236, Martin Flämig, Dresdner Kreuzchor, Dresdner Philharmonie, Renate Krahmer, Annelies Burmeister, Peter Schreier, Theo Adam, Eterna 1972
• The Great Choral Masterpieces, Peter Schreier, RIAS Kammerchor, Kammerorchester Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Barbara Bonney, Birgit Remmert, Rainer Trost, Olaf Bär, Philips 1991
• J.S. Bach: Missae Breves BWV 233-236, Patrick Peire, Capella Brugensis, Collegium Instrumentale Brugense, Greta de Reyghere, Wilke te Brummelstroete, James Gilchrist, Jan van der Crabben, Eufoda 2000
• J.S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 22, Ton Koopman, Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir, Johannette Zomer, Bogna Bartosz, Jörg Dürmüller, Klaus Mertens, Antoine Marchand 2005
• Bach: Lutheran Masses, BWV 233-236, Thomas Folan, Publick Musick, Anne Harley, Andrea Folan, Miranda Loud, Pablo Bustos, Max van Egmond, Eufoda 2005^[6]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Margaret Steinitz. "Bach's Latin Church Music". London Bach Society. http://www.aucx96.dsl.pipex.com/Lbsdb/LBSDB_LC_INTRO.html. Retrieved 16 September 2010. 
2. ^ Christoph Wolff: Johann Sebastian Bach, 2nd edition 2007. S. Fischer, Frankfurt, ISBN 978-3-596-16739-5
3. ^ "Count Frantisek Antonin von Sporck". baroquemusic.org. http://www.baroquemusic.org/bqxsporck.html. Retrieved 20 September 2010. 
4. ^ Missae Breves & Sanctus BWV 233–242 on bach-cantatas
5. ^ Wolfgang Schmieder, Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis der Werke Johann Sebastian Bachs, Wiesbaden 1969
6. ^ "Missae Breves & Sanctus BWV 233-242 Recordings - Part 1". bach-cantatas.com. http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Vocal/BWV233-242-Rec1.htm. Retrieved 20 September 2010. 

External links

• Missa (Bach): Free scores at the International Music Score Library Project.
• Missae Breves & Sanctus BWV 233-242 on bach-cantatas