Michael Graziano

Michael Graziano

Michael Steven Anthony Graziano (born 1967) is an American scientist and novelist who is currently a professor of Psychology at Princeton University.[1] His scientific research focuses on how the cerebral cortex monitors the space around the body [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and controls movement within that space.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Most notably he has suggested that the classical map of the body in motor cortex, the homunculus, is not correct and is better described as a map of complex actions that make up the behavioral repertoire.[17] His publications on this topic have had a widespread impact among neuroscientists but have also generated controversy.[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] His novels [26][27] rely partly on his background in psychology and are known for surrealism or magic realism.[28][29][30]

References

  1. ^ Princeton University, Department of Psychology, Faculty Information
  2. ^ Aflalo TN and Graziano MSA (2008) Four dimensional spatial reasoning in humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance, 34: 1066-1077.
  3. ^ "Graziano MSA, Cooke DF, and Taylor CSR (2000) Coding the location of the arm by sight". Science (Sciencemag.org) 290 (5497): 1782–1786. 2000-12-01. doi:10.1126/science.290.5497.1782. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;290/5497/1782?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=290&firstpage=1782&resourcetype=HWCIT. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  4. ^ Nature; Reiss, LA; Gross, CG (1999-02-04). "Graziano MSA, Reiss LAJ, and Gross CG (1999) A neuronal representation of the location of nearby sounds.". Nature (Nature.com) 397 (6718): 428–430. doi:10.1038/17115. PMID 9989407. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v397/n6718/full/397428a0.html. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  5. ^ Graziano MSA, Hu XT, and Gross CG (1997) Coding the locations of objects in the dark. Science, 277: 239-241. Sciencemag.org. 1997-07-11. doi:10.1126/science.277.5323.239. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;277/5323/239?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=277&firstpage=239&resourcetype=HWCIT. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  6. ^ Graziano, MS; Hu, XT; Gross, CG (May 1997). "Graziano MSA, Hu XT, and Gross CG (1997) Visuo-spatial properties of ventral premotor cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 77: 2268-2292". Journal of neurophysiology (Jn.physiology.org) 77 (5): 2268–92. PMID 9163357. http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/77/5/2268?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&volume=77&firstpage=2268&resourcetype=HWCIT. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  7. ^ Graziano, M.; Yap, G.; Gross, C. (1994-11-11). "Graziano MSA, Yap GS, and Gross CG (1994) Coding of visual space by pre-motor neurons. Science, 266: 1054-1057". Science (Sciencemag.org) 266: 1054. doi:10.1126/science.7973661. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;266/5187/1054?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=266&firstpage=1054&resourcetype=HWCIT. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  8. ^ USA (2010-01-07). "Graziano MSA and Gross CG (1993) A bimodal map of space: somatosensory receptive fields in the macaque putamen with corresponding visual receptive fields. Experimental Brain Research, 97: 96-109". Exp Brain Res (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) 97 (1): 96–109. PMID 8131835. 
  9. ^ "Graziano MSA and Aflalo TN (2007) Mapping behavioral repertoire onto the cortex. Neuron, 56: 239-251". Sciencedirect.com. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WSS-4PYY823-6&_user=1082852&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000051401&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1082852&md5=359d9b1c23b0d0e7f763f81472be6168. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  10. ^ "Aflalo TN and Graziano MSA (2007) Relationship between unconstrained arm movement and single neuron firing in the macaque motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27: 2760-2780". Jneurosci.org. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3147-06.2007. http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/27/11/2760?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&volume=27&firstpage=2760&resourcetype=HWCIT. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  11. ^ "Graziano MSA (2006) The organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 29: 105-134". Arjournals.annualreviews.org. 1970-01-01. http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112924?prevSearch=%255Bauthor%253A%2Bgraziano%255D&searchHistoryKey=%24%7BsearchHistoryKey%7D. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  12. ^ "Graziano MSA, Aflalo T, and Cooke DF (2005) Arm movements evoked by electrical stimulation in the motor cortex of monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94: 4209-4223". Jn.physiology.org. doi:10.1152/jn.01303.2004. http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/94/6/4209?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&volume=94&firstpage=4209&resourcetype=HWCIT. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  13. ^ "Cooke DF and Graziano MSA (2004) Super-flinchers and nerves of steel: Defensive movements altered by chemical manipulation of a cortical motor area. Neuron, 43: 585-593". Sciencedirect.com. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WSS-4D3WBX7-J&_user=1082852&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000051401&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1082852&md5=799846d01e5b3cdfc3d32f46760a880f. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  14. ^ "Cooke DF and Graziano MSA (2004) Sensorimotor integration in the precentral gyrus: Polysensory neurons and defensive movements. Journal of Neurophysiology, 91: 1648-1660". Jn.physiology.org. doi:10.1152/jn.00955.2003. http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/91/4/1648?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&volume=91&firstpage=1648&resourcetype=HWCIT. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  15. ^
  16. ^ "Graziano MSA, Taylor CSR, and Moore T (2002) Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of precentral cortex. Neuron, 34: 841-851". Sciencedirect.com. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WSS-4621C50-1B&_user=1082852&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000051401&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1082852&md5=03904c08f05ce20a1fc68ce3da352015. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  17. ^ Graziano, M. S. A., The Intelligent Movement Machine, Oxford University Press, 2008.
  18. ^ "Ethier C, Brizzi L, Darling WG, Capaday C (2006). J Neurosci 26:5574-81". Jneurosci.org. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5332-05.2006. http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/26/20/5574. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  19. ^ "Ramanathan D, Conner JM, Tuszynski MH (2006). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:11370-5". Pnas.org. http://www.pnas.org/content/103/30/11370.long. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  20. ^ Iwona Stepniewska, Pei-Chun Fang, and Jon H. Kaas*. "Stepniewska I, Fang PC, Kaas JH (2005). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:4878-83". Pnas.org. http://www.pnas.org/content/102/13/4878.long. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  21. ^ "Helmuth L (2002) Redrawing the brain’s map of the body. Science 296: 1587–1588". Sciencemag.org. 2002-05-31. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5573/1587a. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  22. ^ "Krauzlis RJ (2002) Reaching for answers. Neuron 34: 673–674". Sciencedirect.com. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WSS-4621C50-T&_user=1082852&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000051401&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1082852&md5=2826d62a34f0732b38f47f62f7c4feb4. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  23. ^ Nature Neuroscience (2002-08-01). "Strick PL (2002) Stimulating Research on Motor Cortex. Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 8, 714-715". Nature.com. http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n8/full/nn0802-714.html. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  24. ^ "More, T (2004) Homeland defense begins in precentral cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 91, 1456". Jn.physiology.org. doi:10.1152/jn.01085.2003. http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/91/4/1456. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  25. ^ Shadmehr R (2009-06-01). "The motor cortex re-imagined.". Nature Neuroscience (Nature.com) 12 (6): 667. doi:10.1038/nn0609-667. http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/full/nn0609-667.html. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 
  26. ^ Graziano, M. S. A., The Love Song of Monkey. Leapfrog Press, 2008.
  27. ^ Graziano, M. S. A., The Divine Farce. Leapfrog Press, 2009.
  28. ^ [1] Geekscribe.com, book review from Oct. 18, 2009.
  29. ^ "book review from Sept. 14, 2009". Publishers Weekly (Publishersweekly.com). 2007-03-14. http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6695831.html?q=graziano. Retrieved 2010-01-20. [dead link]
  30. ^ "book review from Dec. 3, 2009". Barnstable Patriot (Barnstablepatriot.com). 2009-12-03. http://www.barnstablepatriot.com/home2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19713&Itemid=62. Retrieved 2010-01-20. 

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