Mary J. Rathbun

Mary J. Rathbun at work

Mary J. Rathbun (1860–1943) was an American zoologist who specialized in crustaceans. She worked at the Smithsonian Institution, often unaided, from 1884 until her death. She described more than a thousand new species and subspecies and many higher taxa.

Biography

Mary Jane Rathbun was born on June 11, 1860, in Buffalo, New York, the youngest of five children of Charles Rathbun and Jane Furey. Her mother died when she was only one year old, and Mary was therefore "thrown on her own resources".^[1] She was schooled in Buffalo, graduating in 1878, but never attended college.^[1]

Although no more than 4 ft 6 in (1.37 m) tall, Mary Rathbun had strong features, and possessed a dry sense of humor.^[1]

Mary first saw the ocean in 1881 when she accompanied her brother, Richard Rathbun, to Woods Hole, Massachusetts.^[1] He was employed as a scientific assistant to Addison Emery Verrill, alongside Verrill's chief assistant, the carcinologist Sidney Irving Smith. Mary helped label, sort and record Smith's specimens, and worked on crustaceans ever since.^[1] For three years, Mary worked on a voluntary basis for her brother, before being granted a clerkship by Spencer Fullerton Baird at the Smithsonian Institution.^[1] She continued to work at the museum, largely unaided, and after 28 years, she was promoted to assistant curator in charge of the Division of Crustacea.^[1] In 1915, after her retirement, the Smithsonian Institution designated Rathbun an "Honorary Research Associate", and in 1916 she was granted an honorary master's degree by the University of Pittsburgh. She qualified for a Ph.D. at George Washington University in 1917.^[1]

She died in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1943, at the age of 82, from complications associated with a broken hip.^[1]

Publications

Mary J. Rathbun's first publication was cowritten with James Everard Benedict and concerned the genus Panopeus; it was published in 1891.^[1] She retired on the last day of 1914, but did not stop working until her death.^[1] Her largest work was Les crabes d'eau douce ("Freshwater crabs"), originally intended as a single publication, but eventually published in three volumes in 1904–1906.^[1] She wrote or cowrote 166 papers in total, including descriptions of 1147 new species and subspecies, 63 new genera, one subfamily, 3 families and a superfamily, as well as other nomenclatural novelties.^[1] The taxa first described by Rathbun include important commercial species such as the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus,^[2] and the tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi.^[3]

Taxa

A number of taxa have been named in honor of Mary J. Rathbun:^[4]

• Hamatoscalpellum rathbunae (Pilsbry, 1907)
• Maera rathbunae Pearse, 1908
• Paromola rathbuni Porter Mosso, 1908
• Synalphaeus rathbunae Coutiere, 1909
• Candidiopotamon rathbunae De Man, 1914
• Pasiphaea rathbunae (Stebbing, 1914)
• Petrolisthes rathbunae Schmitt, 1916
• Periclimenes rathbunae Schmitt, 1924
• Alpheus rathbunae (Schmitt, 1924)
• Campylonotus rathbunae Schmitt, 1926
• Callinectes rathbunae Contreras, 1930
• Eriosachila rathbunae Maury, 1930
• Tritodynamia rathbunae Shen, 1932
• Sacculina rathbunae Boschma, 1933
• Pinnixa rathbunae Sakai, 1934
• Emerita rathbunae Schmitt, 1935
• Callianassa rathbunae Schmitt, 1935
• Solenocera rathbunae Ramadan, 1938
• Thunor rathbunae Armstrong, 1949
• Lysmata rathbunae Chace, 1970
• Xanthias rathbunae Takeda, 1976
• Cyphocarcinus rathbunae Griffin & Tranter, 1986
• Asterias rathbunae Britajev, 1989
• Lophaxius rathbunae Kensley, 1989
• Rhynchocinetes rathbunae Okuno, 1996
• Palaeopinnixa rathbunae Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2000
• Marratha Ng & Clark, 2003^[5]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Waldo L. Schmitt (1973). "Mary J. Rathbun 1860-1943" (PDF). Crustaceana 24 (3): 283–296. JSTOR 20101989. http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/27683/27683.pdf. 
2. ^ Michael Türkay (2010). "Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896". World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107379. Retrieved October 26, 2010. 
3. ^ Peter Davie (2010). "Chionoecetes bairdi Rathbun, 1893". World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=368558. Retrieved October 26, 2010. 
4. ^ Hans G. Hansson. "Dr. Mary Jane Rathbun". Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. Göteborgs Universitet. http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/personetymol/petymol.qr.html. Retrieved October 26, 2010. 
5. ^ Peter K. L. Ng & Paul F. Clark (2003). "Three new genera of Indo-West Pacific Xanthidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthoidea)" (PDF). Zoosystema 25 (1): 131–147. http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/zoosyst/z03n1a4.pdf. 

External links

• Fenner A. Chace, Jr.. "A Brief History of the Invertebrate Zoology Department". Smithsonian Institution. http://invertebrates.si.edu/history.htm. 

Persondata
Name	Rathbun, Mary Jane
Alternative names
Short description	American carcinologist
Date of birth	June 11, 1860
Place of birth	Buffalo, New York
Date of death	April 14, 1943
Place of death	Washington, D.C.