Donald J. Hughes

Donald J. Hughes (April 2, 1915- April 12, 1960) was an American nuclear physicist, chiefly notable as one of the signers of the Franck Report in June, 1945, recommending that the United States not use the atomic bomb as a weapon to prompt the surrender of Japan in World War II.^[1]

Before the war Hughes worked at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory.^[2] By June of 1945, the U.S. was deciding whether to use an atomic bomb against Japan, and a very few nuclear scientists knew about the weapon's potential. Some, including Hughes, were wary, and wanted to urge the President of the United States to choose a different option. Arthur Compton appointed a committee to meet in secret, in all-night sessions in a highly secure environment.^[3] This committee included Hughes, and was chaired by James Franck. The final report, largely written by committee-member Eugene Rabinowitch,^[3] recommended that the nuclear bomb not be used, and proposed that either a demonstration of the "new weapon" be made before the eyes of representatives of all of the United Nations, on a barren island or desert, or to try to keep the existence of the nuclear bomb secret for as long as possible.^[1][4] The advice of the "Franck Report" was not followed, however, and the U.S. dropped nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

After the war Hughes went to Brookhaven National Laboratory and formed a group of physicists working on contemporary problems in nuclear science.^[2] Hughes died suddenly in 1960.^[2]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} James Franck, et al. The "Franck Report": A Report to the Secretary of War, June 1945.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Palevsky, Mary (2000). Atomic fragments: a daughter's questions. University of California Press. pp. 15–16. ISBN 0520220552. http://books.google.com/books?id=1WLHMrI10zgC. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Wittner, Lawrence S. (1993). The Struggle Against the Bomb: One World or None: A History of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement Through 1953. Stanford Nuclear Age Series. Stanford University Press. pp. 25. ISBN 0804721416. http://books.google.com/books?id=jOFCnXvan6gC. 
4. ^ Minority Report by Josh Schollmeyer, "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", January/February 2005 (vol. 61, no. 1), pp. 38-39.

Persondata
Name	Hughes, Donald J.
Alternative names
Short description	American nuclear physicist
Date of birth	1915
Place of birth	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Date of death	1960
Place of death