Arthur Dimmesdale

Arthur Dimmesdale is a fictional character in the 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. A Puritan minister, he has fathered an illegitimate child, Pearl, with Hester Prynne and seeks to hide the truth of his relationship with her.

Next to Hester Prynne herself, Dimmesdale is often considered Hawthorne's finest character. His dilemma takes up a significant portion of the novel, bringing out Hawthorne's most famous statements on many of the concepts that recur throughout his works: guilt and redemption, truth and falsehood, and others. Dimmesdale faces a problem that is both simple and paradoxical. He is keenly, even morbidly, aware of his sin with Hester; his desire for punishment is, however, thwarted by his cowardice, which prevents him from confessing. He attempts to ameliorate the pressure of this position by punishing himself (both physically and mentally), and by insisting to his parishioners that he is a base, worthless creature. Yet without the awareness of his specific crime, his flock takes his protestations of worthlessness as further evidence of his holiness (a fact of which he is well aware); since, in the Puritan conception, awareness of one's sinful worthlessness is a necessary component of whatever virtue is available to humans. Thus, Dimmesdale has been taken as an example of a conflict typical of Puritans (or seen as such by Hawthorne from his historical distance).

Reception

The novel's first reviewers expressed mixed views of Dimmesdale. Even some of the first reviewers, among them E. A. Duyckinck, celebrated his character as part of a generally laudatory attitude toward the book. Others were less convinced. Writing in Blackwood's Magazine, Margaret Oliphant deplored what she saw as the novel's unhealthy obsession with sin and guilt. Somewhat similarly, Anne W. Abbott, writing in The North American Review, complained that Dimmesdale was unrealistic because he allowed himself to be swamped by despairing hypocrisy—in short, he did not conform to the stereotypes of a minister. Such criticism reflects the type of moral criticism common during the mid-Victorian period, which the work of Hawthorne himself, among others, tended to make obsolete.^{[citation needed]} By the early 1900's, and consistently since then, Dimmesdale has been almost unanimously considered an intriguing character.