Ornament and crime

"Ornament and Crime" is an essay written in 1908 by the influential and self-consciously "modern" Austrian architect Adolf Loos under the German title "Ornament und Verbrechen". And it was under this challenging title that in 1913 the essay was translated into English: "The evolution of culture marches with the elimination of ornament from useful objects", Loos proclaimed, thus linking the optimistic sense of the linear and upward progress of cultures with the contemporary vogue for applying evolution to cultural contexts.Fact|date=December 2007

In the essay, Loos's "passion for smooth and precious surfaces" [ [http://www.studio-international.co.uk/archive/loos_1973_186_957.asp "Studio International", 1973, Volume 186, Number 957, "Adolf Loos: the new vision"] ] informs his expressed philosophy that ornamentation can have the effect of causing objects to go out of style and thus become obsolete. It struck him that it was a crime to waste the effort needed to add ornamentation, when the ornamentation would cause the object to soon go out of style. Loos introduced a sense of the "immorality" of ornament, describing it as "degenerate", its suppression as necessary for regulating modern society. He took as one of his examples the tattooing of the "Papuan" and the intense surface decorations of the objects about him—Loos considered the Papuan not to have evolved to the moral and civilized circumstances of modern man, who, should he tattoo himself, would either be considered a criminal or a degenerate. [{Loos, A. (1908). Ornament and Crime. Insbruck, reprint Vienna, 1930. }]

The essay was written when Art Nouveau, which Loos had execrated even at its height in 1900, was about to show a new way of modern art. The essay is important in articulating some moralizing views, inherited from the Arts and Crafts movement, which would be fundamental to the Bauhaus design studio and would help define the ideology of Modernism in architecture.

References

Further reading

*Banham, Reyner, 1960. "Theory and Design in the First Machine Age", Characteristic attitudes and themes of European artists and architects, 1900–1930.
*Giedion, Siegfried. "Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition".
* [http://www.studio-international.co.uk/archive/loos_1973_186_957.asp Rykwert, Joseph. "Adolf Loos: the new vision"] in "Studio International", 1973.

ee also

* Form follows function
* Chartjunk, a similar anti-ornament concept in information display