Dental pulp stem cells

Dental pulp stem cells

Dental Pulp Stem Cells, or (DPSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types.

More recently a subpopulation of dental pulp stem cells has been described as human Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells (IDPSC).[1]

Definition

Dental pulp is the soft living tissue inside a tooth. Stem cells are found inside the soft living tissue.[2] Scientists have identified the Mesenchymal type of stem cell inside dental pulp. This particular type of stem cell has the future potential to differentiate into a variety of other cell types including:

  • Cardio Myocytes to repair damaged cardiac tissue following a heart attack [3]
  • Neuronal to generate nerve and brain tissue[4]
  • Myocytes to repair muscle [5]
  • Osteocytes to generate bone [6][7]
  • Chondrocytes to generate cartilage[8]
  • Adipocytes to generate fat [8]
  • Bone and tissue from the oral cavity.[9]

History

  • 2003 NIH announces discovery of DPSCs by Dr. Songtao Shi [2]
  • 2006 IDPSC Kerkis reported discovery of Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells (IDPSC),[1] a pluripotent sub-population of DPSC using dental pulp organ culture.
  • 2007 DPSC 1st animal studies begin for bone regeneration.[6][7]
  • 2007 DPSC 1st animal studies begin for dental end uses.[10][11]
  • 2008 DPSC 1st animal studies begin for heart therapies.[3]
  • 2008 IDPSC 1st animal study began for muscular dystrophy therapies.[5][5]
  • 2008 DPSC 1st animal studies begin for regenerating brain tissue.[4]
  • 2008 DPSC 1st advanced animal study for bone grafting announced. Reconstruction of large size cranial bone defects in rats.[9]
  • 2010 IDPSC 1st human trial for cornea replacement

References

  1. ^ a b Kerkis, Irina; Kerkis, Alexandre; Dozortsev, Dmitri; Stukart-Parsons, GaËlle Chopin; Gomes Massironi, SÍLvia Maria; Pereira, Lygia V.; Caplan, Arnold I.; Cerruti, Humberto F. (2006). "Isolation and Characterization of a Population of Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells Expressing OCT-4 and Other Embryonic Stem Cell Markers". Cells Tissues Organs 184 (3–4): 105–16. doi:10.1159/000099617. PMID 17409736. 
  2. ^ a b National Institute of Health (NIH) press release Monday, April 21, 2003 http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/apr2003/nidcr-21.html[dead link]
  3. ^ a b Gandia, Carolina; Armiñan, Ana; García-Verdugo, Jose Manuel; Lledó, Elisa; Ruiz, Amparo; Miñana, M Dolores; Sanchez-Torrijos, Jorge; Payá, Rafael et al. (2008). "Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Improve Left Ventricular Function, Induce Angiogenesis, and Reduce Infarct Size in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction". Stem Cells 26 (3): 638–45. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2007-0484. PMID 18079433. 
  4. ^ a b Nosrat, I; Widenfalk, J; Olson, L; Nosrat, CA (2001). "Dental Pulp Cells Produce Neurotrophic Factors, Interact with Trigeminal Neurons in Vitro, and Rescue Motoneurons after Spinal Cord Injury". Developmental Biology 238 (1): 120–32. doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0400. PMID 11783998. [not in citation given]
  5. ^ a b c Kerkis, Irina; Ambrosio, Carlos E; Kerkis, Alexandre; Martins, Daniele S; Zucconi, Eder; Fonseca, Simone AS; Cabral, Rosa M; Maranduba, Carlos MC et al. (2008). "Early transplantation of human immature dental pulp stem cells from baby teeth to golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs: Local or systemic?". Journal of Translational Medicine 6: 35. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-6-35. PMC 2529267. PMID 18598348. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2529267. 
  6. ^ a b Graziano, Antonio; D'aquino, Riccardo; Angelis, Maria Gabriella Cusella-De; De Francesco, Francesco; Giordano, Antonio; Laino, Gregorio; Piattelli, Adriano; Traini, Tonino et al. (2008). "Scaffold's surface geometry significantly affects human stem cell bone tissue engineering". Journal of Cellular Physiology 214 (1): 166–72. doi:10.1002/jcp.21175. PMID 17565721. 
  7. ^ a b D’aquino, Riccardo; Papaccio, Gianpaolo; Laino, Gregorio; Graziano, Antonio (2008). "Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Promising Tool for Bone Regeneration". Stem Cell Reviews 4 (1): 21–6. doi:10.1007/s12015-008-9013-5. PMID 18300003. 
  8. ^ a b Stem Cell Information, National Institute of Health
  9. ^ a b . pp. 204–10. doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e31815c8a54. 
  10. ^ Onyekwelu, O; Seppala, M; Zoupa, M; Cobourne, MT (2007). "Tooth development: 2. Regenerating teeth in the laboratory". Dental update 34 (1): 20–2, 25–6, 29. PMID 17348555. 
  11. ^ Cordeiro, Mabel M.; Dong, Zhihong; Kaneko, Tomoatsu; Zhang, Zhaocheng; Miyazawa, Marta; Shi, Songtao; Smith, Anthony J.; Nör, Jacques E. (2008). "Dental Pulp Tissue Engineering with Stem Cells from Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth". Journal of Endodontics 34 (8): 962–9. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2008.04.009. PMID 18634928. 

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