Crowdsourcing creative work

Crowdsourcing creative work

Crowdsourcing creative work (CCW) is an open call to the crowd for novel and useful solutions. Crowdsourcing may be appropriate when experts are in scarce supply, multiple diverse ideas and/or contextual insights are needed.

Contents

Infrastructure

CCW may or may not be technologically enabled. Recent advances in technology have supported greater participation in and new types of crowdsourcing creative work. Advances may create new platforms that draw together participants, or enable new forms of coordination that allows multiple participants to contribute jointly to a creative task.

Domains

Creative work spans creative domains such as graphic design, architecture, apparel design, writing, illustration. Examples of crowdsourced creative work platforms include:

  • Graphic design: 99designs, Wilogo
  • Architecture: arcbazar.com
  • Apparel design: threadless.com
  • Writing: Wikipedia
  • Illustration: thejohnycashproject.org
  • Video: tongal.com
  • Film/TV: amazonstudio.com, barkarma.com

History

Crowdsourcing creative work was conceived at the Workshop on Crowdsourcing and Human Computation [1] at CHI 2011[2].

Creative Work

Tasks may be assigned to individuals or group and may be categorized as convergent and divergent. An example of a divergent task is to generate a large number of designs for a poster. An example of a convergent task is selecting one poster design.

Motivation

Crowds are motivated to do creative work for both extrinsic and intrinsic reasons. Examples of extrinsic motivators include financial compensation, recognition, and awards. Example of intrinsic motivators include autonomy, relatedness, learning, self-expression, control, and enjoyment. Recently scholars have attempted to use affective computational priming, or embedding stimulus in crowdsourcing platforms to increase creative performance .

Barriers

Barriers to effective crowdsourcing creative work include social loafing, evaluation apprehension, and production blocking.

Creative performance is informed by domain knowledge, creative thinking skills, problem orientation, and motivation.

Collaboration

Collaboration is defined as people working on together on a shared problem. Currently, crowdsourcing creative work often assumes that workers are autonomous, anonymous individuals. However, recent work seeks to bring workers together, provide feedback on each other's work, and experiment with new types of leadership and/or divisions of labor. For example, crowds might design chairs through an evolutionary process: one crowd designs, another evaluates, and another combines highly rated designs to create a new generation of designs. [3]

Open research question:

  • What are the circumstances when the crowd is more creative than the individual expert?
  • What organizational structures support creative work?
  • How is creativity measured?

Related fields

  • Collective Intelligence
  • CSCW
  • Crowdsourcing

External Links

References

  1. ^ http://crowdresearch.org/chi2011-workshop/
  2. ^ http://www.chi2011.org/
  3. ^ Structures for Creativity: The crowdsourcing of design by Jeffrey V. Nickerson, Yasuaki Sakamoto, and Lixiu Yu

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