Cross-cutting cleavage

Cross-cutting cleavage is a political term that refers to factors in society which cause division (such as race, political, religious divisions etc) in such a way that no group created by one "cleavage" is wholly contained within a group created by another - hence "cross-cutting". For example, if a racialized minority is nonetheless proportionately represented in all economic class levels, then the racial cleavage is said to cross-cut the economic cleavage. Cross-cutting cleavages were originally suggested as a mechanism for political stability, as no group can align all its members along a uniform cleavage-based platform, but rather having to appeal to members of the group that are spread throughout the groups created by other cleavages.

The term was used in 1967 by Stein Rokkan, in the chapter Geography, Religion, and Social Class: Cross-cutting Cleavages in Norwegian Politics, which was a part of the book Party Systems and Voter Alignments, written together with Seymour Martin Lipset.^[1]

Later uses include Walter Dean Burnham in 1975, who noted the decline of economic issues in relation to the social issues.^[2] The term was also applied to the United States presidential election, 2000, regarding George W. Bush of the Republican party v. Al Gore of the Democratic party.^[2]

See also

• Cleavage (politics)
• Intersectionality

References

1. ^ Entry for Geography, Religion, and Social Class: Cross-cutting Cleavages in Norwegian Politics in BIBSYS
2. ^ ^{a b} McKay, David Phares. American Politics and Society. Blackwell Publishing, Incorporated. pp. 94–95. ISBN 9781405126038. 

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