Cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding

Cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding

In the compact disc system, cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon code (or CIRC) provides error detection and error correction.[1] CIRC adds to every three data bytes one redundant parity byte.

Contents

Overview

Reed-Solomon codes are specifically useful in combating mixtures of random and burst errors. CIRC corrects error bursts up to 3,500 bits in sequence (2.4 mm in length as seen on CD surface) and compensates for error bursts up to 12,000 bits (8.5 mm) that may be caused by minor scratches.[2]

Characteristics

  • High random error correctability
  • Long burst error correctability
  • In case the burst correction capability is exceeded, interpolation may provide concealment by approximation
  • Simple decoder strategy possible with reasonably-sized external random access memory
  • Very high efficiency
  • Room for future introduction of four audio channels without major changes in the format (as of 2008, this has not been implemented).

Interleave

Errors found in the CD system are a combination of random and burst errors. In order to alleviate the strain on the error control code, some form of interleaving is required. The CD system employs two concatenated Reed-Solomon codes, which are interleaved cross-wise. Judicious positioning of the stereo channels as well as the audio samples on even or odd-number instants within the interleaving scheme provide the error concealment ability, and the multitude of interleave structures used on the CD makes it possible to correct and detect errors with a relatively low amount of redundancy.

References

  1. ^ US 4413340  Inventors: Odaka K., Sako Y., Iwamoto I., Doi T.; Vries L.B.; SONY: Error correctable data transmission method (CIRC Patent) filing date May 21, 1980
  2. ^ K.A.S. Immink, Reed-Solomon Codes and the Compact Disc in S.B. Wicker and V.K. Bhargava, Edrs, Reed-Solomon Codes and Their Applications, IEEE Press, 1994.

See also


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon coding — In the compact disc system, error correction and detection is provided by cross interleaved Reed Solomon code. [US patent|4,413,340, CIRC Patent] CIRC adds to every three data bytes one redundant parity byte.OverviewReed Solomon codes are… …   Wikipedia

  • Reed–Solomon error correction — Reed Solomon error correction is an error correcting code that works by oversampling a polynomial constructed from the data. The polynomial is evaluated at several points, and these values are sent or recorded. Sampling the polynomial more often… …   Wikipedia

  • CD-R — Работа с оптическими дисками Оптический диск Образ оптического диска, ISO образ Эмулятор оптических дисководов Программное обеспечение для работы с файловыми системами оптических дисков Технологии …   Википедия

  • CD-ROM — Media type Optical disc Capacity 194 MiB (8 cm) 650–900 MiB (12 cm) Read mechanism 150 KiB/s (1×) 10,800 KiB/s (72×) Write mechanism 150 KiB/s (1×) 8,400 KiB/s (56×) Standard …   Wikipedia

  • Compact Disc — CD redirects here. For other uses, see CD (disambiguation). Not to be confused with DVD. Compact disc The readable surface of a Compact Disc incl …   Wikipedia

  • Red Book (audio CD standard) — Infobox media name = Compact Disc Digital Audio caption = The closely spaced tracks on the readable surface of a Compact Disc cause light to diffract into rainbow colors type = Optical disc encoding = 2 channels of PCM audio, each signed 16 bit… …   Wikipedia

  • CIRC — is a four letter acronym that may refer to:*The Chinese Insurance Regulatory Commission *Cross interleaved Reed Solomon coding *Canadian Indoor Rowing Championships *Fredericton, NB Information Radio 93.3fm *Capital Investment Review Committeeee… …   Wikipedia

  • Red Book (CD standard) — Compact Disc Digital Audio Media type Optical disc Encoding 2 channels of LPCM audio, each signed 16 bit values sampled at 44100 Hz …   Wikipedia

  • Код Рида — Коды Рида Соломона (англ. Reed–Solomon codes) недвоичные циклические коды, позволяющие исправлять ошибки в блоках данных. Элементами кодового вектора являются не биты, а группы битов (блоки). Очень распространены коды Рида Соломона,… …   Википедия

  • MiniDisc — This article is about the Sony storage format. For the Gescom album, see Minidisc (album). For the IBM minidisk, see VM (operating system). MiniDisc …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”