Clerkenwell Prison

Clerkenwell (old) Prison

Visiting time at the House of Detention, 1862
Location	St. James's Walk, Clerkenwell, London, England
Coordinates	Coordinates: 51°31′28″N 0°6′26″W / 51.52444°N 0.10722°W / 51.52444; -0.10722
Status	Closed
Capacity	240[1]
Population	109[1] (as of 1849[1])
Opened	c1820[1]
Notable prisoners
Richard Burke

Not to be confused with Coldbath Fields Prison otherwise known as the Clerkenwell House of Correction or Clerkenwell Gaol.

Clerkenwell (old) Prison, also known as the Clerkenwell House of Detention or Middlesex House of Detention was a prison in Clerkenwell, London. It held prisoners awaiting trial.^[2]

It stood on Bowling Green Lane conveniently close to the Middlesex Sessions House, where prisoners would be tried, on Clerkenwell Green to the south.

History

The House of Detention was built on the site of two earlier prisons, the Clerkenwell Bridewell for convicted prisoners and the New Prison for those awaiting trial. The Bridewell closed in 1794 and its functions were taken over by the Coldbath Fields Prison at Mount Pleasant. The New Prison was rebuilt in 1818 and in 1847, at which time its name changed to the House of Detention.

On 13 December 1867 its exercise yard was the target of a gunpowder explosion instigated by members of the Fenian Society in an attempt to aid the escape of Richard Burke, an arms supplier to the Fenians.^[3] The blast killed bystanders in Corporation Row; some of those responsible were executed, with ringleader Michael Barrett the last person to be publicly executed outside Newgate Prison.

It was demolished in 1890. The site is occupied by the Hugh Myddleton School building, now converted into flats. The vaults were reopened as air-raid shelters during the Blitz, and can still be accessed via an entrance on Clerkenwell Close.

See also

• Coldbath Fields Prison, the Clerkenwell House of Correction
• Clerkenwell Bridewell
• New Prison
• Fenian Rising#Clerkenwell explosion

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} http://www.londonancestor.com/leighs/pri-clerken.htm
2. ^ "CLERKENWELL HOUSE OF CORRECTION", The Penny Illustrated Paper and Illustrated Times (London) (816): 204, 31 March 1877, http://newspapers.bl.uk/blcs 
3. ^ "FENIANISM—THE ATTACK ON CLERKENWELL PRISON.—QUESTION.". Hansard (London, England: HMSO): 1215. 1868-03-09. http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1868/mar/09/fenianism-the-attack-on-clerkenwell.