Opus clavicembalisticum

Opus clavicembalisticum is a solo piano piece composed by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, completed on June 26, 1930.

The piece is notable for its length and difficulty: at the time of its completion it was the longest piano piece in existence. Its duration is around four hours, depending on tempo. Several of Sorabji's later works, such as the Symphonic Variations for Piano (which occupy 484 A3 pages of manuscript — probably about nine hours of music, similar in duration to Frederic Rzewski's work The Road) are even longer.

At the date of conception, the piece was the most technically demanding solo piano work due, for the most part, to its extreme length and arrhythmic nature, although later works by New Complexity, Modernist and Avant-Garde composers, along with Sorabji himself, conceived more difficult pieces; it is in this particular area that Opus clavicembalisticum primarily receives its notoriety, and to this day is still highly regarded in this light.

Sorabji was inspired to compose the work after hearing a performance of Busoni's Fantasia contrappuntistica^{[citation needed]}, and Opus clavicembalisticum seems to be a homage to Busoni's work.^[1]

Structure

Opus clavicembalisticum has twelve movements, of hugely varying dimensions: from a brief cadenza, lasting only three minutes, to a mammoth interlude, containing a toccata, adagio, and passacaglia (with 81 variations), requiring around an hour to play. The work's movements are set in three parts, each larger than the last:

	Pars prima
I	Introito
II.	Preludio corale
III.	Fuga I
IV.	Fantasia
V.	Fuga II
	Pars altera
VI.	Interludium primum (Thema cum XLIX variationibus)
VII.	Cadenza I
VIII.	Fuga III
	Pars tertia
IX.	Interludium alterum (Toccata, Adagio, Passacaglia cum LXXXI variationibus)
X.	Cadenza II
XI.	Fuga IV
XII.	Coda-Stretta

Composition and dedication

In a letter upon completion of the massive work, Sorabji wrote to a friend of his:

With a wracking head and literally my whole body shaking as with ague I write this and tell you I have just this afternoon early finished Clavicembalisticum... The closing 4 pages are so cataclysmic and catastrophic as anything I've ever done — the harmony bites like nitric acid — the counterpoint grinds like the mills of God...

The dedication on the title page reads:

To the everlasting glory of those few men blessed and sanctified in the curses and execrations of those many whose praise is eternal damnation.

Performances

There have only been a handful of performances of Opus clavicembalisticum.

The first was by Sorabji himself in 1930.

Pars prima was performed by John Tobin in 1936; this performance is noted to have taken approximately twice as long to perform as the score dictates. This performance, and its reception, led to Sorabji's ban on public performances of his works, claiming that, "no performance at all is vastly preferable to an obscene travesty". Sorabji maintained this ban until 1976.

The next public performance of Opus clavicembalisticum took place in 1982, at the hands of the Australian pianist Geoffrey Douglas Madge. A recording of the performance was released on a set of four LPs, which are now out of print. Madge went on to perform it in its entirety on five other occasions, including once in 1983, a recording of which was released by BIS in 1999. This particular release is notable for its numerous technical flaws related mostly to pitch and rhythm.^[2][3] During several passages, entire measures of music are omitted or exchanged.^[2][4]

John Ogdon performed the work twice, towards the end of his life, and produced a studio recording of the work.

Jonathan Powell has performed it on five occasions, and will begin a studio recording of the work after two more public performances of the piece.^{[citation needed]}

The only other verifiable and complete performance of this work, in public, was given by Daan Vandewalle, although a number of pianists have performed excerpts, which are usually the first two movements. For example, J. J. Schmid performed part of the work at the Biennale Bern 03 and Alexander Amatosi performed the first movement at the University of Durham School of Music in 2001.

Citations

1. ^ http://www.mus.ulaval.ca/roberge/pdf/sorabji_beatification.pdf
2. ^ ^{a b} http://www.pianostreet.com/smf/index.php?topic=12002.0
3. ^ http://www.pianostreet.com/smf/index.php?topic=4432.msg49184#msg49184
4. ^ youtube.com (2008-01-30). "Opus Clavicembalisticum 2nd mvmnt(Part 2) Madge's Recording" (in English). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLVoayDCXBc. Retrieved 2008-07-30. 

External links

• Errata list
• The Sorabji Archive — information and list of performances.
• Sample pages of the score
• Listen to entire Pars Prima of the score