St. Leo's Church (New York City)

The Church of St. Leo
General information
Architectural style	Gothic Revival
Town or city	Manhattan, New York City
Country	United States
Construction started	1880[1][2]
Completed	c.1881[2]
Demolished	1980s[1]
Cost	$95,000.[2]
Technical details
Structural system	Masonry
Design and construction
Client	Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York
Architect	.Lawrence J. O'Connor[1][2]

The Church of St. Leo is a former Roman Catholic parish church under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 11 East 28th Street, between Fifth & Madison Avenues in Manhattan, New York City.^[3]

History

The parish was established in 1880 to relieve the overcrowded St. Stephen's parish by the Rev. Thomas J. Ducey, its first rector who continued there until his death in 1909. It was dedicated to St. Leo, patron saint of Pope Leo XIII, the reigning pontiff at the time. The Archbishop of New York at the time was John Cardinal McCloskey, the first American-born Cardinal, who was eligible to take part in the conclave that elected Leo pope (but did not because of travel delays). The parish was marked by its broad humanitarian spirit. It had a separate mortuary chapel at 9 East 28th Street for the purpose of paying proper respect for individuals of any faith who had passed away while temporarily being in the city, such as hotel guests.^[4] The bodies could remain there until being claimed for a proper funereal arrangement, or St. Leo's clergy could handle the service without remuneration.^[5] The parish was suppressed in 1908 to became a mission of the former St. Stephen's Church. Other sources claim the suppression occurred in 1909, following Fr. Ducey's death. Regardless, Fr. Ducey was the church's founding and sole rector.^[5] The church building was given to the Sisters of Mary Reparatrix as a convent and retreat house following their expulsion fron France in 1910.^[5] The old rectory was turned into a convent among whom lived (in 1914) 13 professed nuns and 3 lay sisters and one postulant.^[5]

Building

The Gothic Revival church was built 1880 to the designs of Lawrence J. O'Connor.^[1]

The plan called for the church to be 50 by 120 feet, 56 feet high walls. The New York Times reported on August 16, 1880, that “the tower on the east side of the church will be 105 feet high, and over the main entrance will be a colossal cross” The cornerstone was laid August 15, 1880. At that point, the walls had risen twenty feet above ground level and over the basement level. The church was to be roofed in November 1880 and opened for worship around August 1881 at a cost of $95,000.^[2]

New York City Police Department Capt. Berghold with 30 policeman kept the 2,000-person street crowd under control, as every seat within the enclosure of the un-roofed church was already occupied.^[2]

“The corner-store bore the following legend in Latin: ‘His Eminence Cardinal McCloskey, Archbishop o New-York, laid the corner-stone of the new church o St. Leo, on the 15th day of August, 1880, the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Leo XIII being the reigning Pontiff of the Church. Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States of America; Alonzo B. Cornell, Governor of the State of New-York; Edward Cooper, Mayor of New-York; the Rev. Thomas J. Ducey, Pastor; the Rev. David J. Leahy, assistant, and Lawrence J. O'Connor, architect.’ United States coins of all denominations, a picture of Pope Leo XIII, a large photograph of Cardinal McCloskey, attired in his large cape, copies of Catholic papers, and of New-York daily papers were placed in the corner-stone.”^[2]

The photo of John Cardinal McCloskey, the first American-born Cardinal, that was likely placed in the cornerstone of the now demolished church. The church was dedicated to St. Leo, patron saint of Pope Leo XIII, who was elected pontiff at the first conclave an American was ever allowed to take part in (but did not because of travel delays)

However, the day of the ceremony, Cardinal McCloskey did not attend because of ill-health. The Vicar General assisted by Rev. McQuirck, assistant priest at St. Patrick’s Cathedral, the Rev. Frisbie, rector of St. Francis Xavier’s College, the Rev. Salter of St. Joseph’s, the Rev. Wyrich of St. Alphonso’s Church, the Rev. Ducey, pastor of the new church.^[2]

The church and rectory-turned convent chapel and convent were eventually sold to a private developer and demolished in the 1980s. The site is now occupied by the plaza in front of the Madison Belvedere Apartments.^[1][6]

Rev. Thomas J. Ducey (1843-1909)

Father Ducey was born 4 February 1843 in Ireland and emigrated in 1848. He entered the seminary at Troy, New York in 1864, was ordained in December 1868, and became assistant to the Rev. George McCloskey of the Church of the Nativity, Manhattan. During this period, he was also a volunteer chaplain at the Tombs Prison. During a series of sermons in 1871 and 1872, he denounced the Boss Tweed ring, who retaliated by trying to have him removed to a parish outside the city. However, Fr. Ducey had powerful friends and Cardinal McCloskey refused to move him. In 1873, Fr. Ducey was appointed assistant at St. Leo's.^[4] Fr. Ducey died 22 August 1909.^[5]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.) p. 221.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} "LAYING A CORNER-STONE.; SERVICES AT THE CHURCH OF ST. LEO, IN TWENTY-NINE-STREET.", New York Times, August 16, 1880. ("The corner-stone of the new Catholic Church of St. Leo, in Twenty-nine-street, near Madison-avenue, was laid yesterday afternoon with appropriate ceremonies...David J. Leahy, assistant, and Lawrence O'Connor, architect." United States coins of all denominations, a picture of Po a Leo XIII" a large photograph of ...")
3. ^ The World Almanac 1892 and Book of Facts (New York: Press Publishing, 1892), p.390.
4. ^ ^{a b} Remigius Lafort, S.T.D., Censor, The Catholic Church in the United States of America: Undertaken to Celebrate the Golden Jubilee of His Holiness, Pope Pius X. Volume 3: The Province of Baltimore and the Province of New York, Section 1: Comprising the Archdiocese of New York and the Diocese of Brooklyn, Buffalo and Ogdensburg Together with some Supplementary Articles on Religious Communities of Women.. (New York City: The Catholic Editing Company, 1914), p.343.
5. ^ ^{a b c d e} Remigius Lafort, S.T.D., Censor, The Catholic Church in the United States of America: Undertaken to Celebrate the Golden Jubilee of His Holiness, Pope Pius X. Volume 3: The Province of Baltimore and the Province of New York, Section 1: Comprising the Archdiocese of New York and the Diocese of Brooklyn, Buffalo and Ogdensburg Together with some Supplementary Articles on Religious Communities of Women.. (New York City: The Catholic Editing Company, 1914), p.344.
6. ^ J. Russiello, A Sympathetic Planning Hierarchy for Redundant Churches: A Comparison of Continued Use and Reuse in Denmark, England and the United States of America (MSc Conservation of Historic Buildings, University of Bath, 2008).